动词的语态知识梳理：提纲挈领，抓住重点和难点！英语动词有两种语态，即主动语态（The Active Voice）和被动语态（The Passive V oice）。

主动语态表示主语是动作的执行者，被动语态表示主语是动作的承受者，例如：Many people speak English . (主动语态)主语谓语宾语不及物动词后边不能接宾语，所以没有被动语态。

English is spoken by many people. (被动语态)I play basketball.Basketball is played(be done) by me.1、被动语态的构成被动语态由“助动词be +及物动词的过去分词”构成。

助动词be 有人称、数和时态的变化，其变化规则与be作为连系动词时完全一样。

被动语态的肯定式、否定式及疑问式列表如下：肯定句：主语+ be+ 过去分词+（by…）eg. He is often asked to do this work (by his boss).否定句：主语+ be not +过去分词+（by…）eg. I am not invited to the party (by him).一般疑问句：Be + 主语+过去分词+ （by…）？eg. Are your clothes washed by yourself?特殊疑问句：疑问词+ be+主语+过去分词+ （by…）？eg. What is this sweater made of?现以动词give为例，其被动语态的各种时态如下：2、被动语态的用法：1）当我们不知道谁是动作的执行者，或者没有必要指出谁是动作的执行者时，或者只需强调动作的承受者时，要用被动语态。

例如：This jacket is made of cotton.English is spoken in many countries in the world.1）强调动作的承受者时。

如：The boy was saved at last.这个男孩最后得救了。

2）主动语态变被动语态的步骤:主动句: The boy broke the window yesterday.被动句: The window was broken by the boy yesterday.步骤一：原句中的宾语the window变成主语。

步骤二：谓语动词broke改为被动形式：was broken步骤三：原句中的主语The boy放在介词by的后面。

步骤四：其他成分如：yesterday不变。

3) 有两个宾语的句子的被动语态：1. He gave me the book just now.The book was given to me( by him) just now. = I was given the book (by him) just now.2. They show the guard their passports at the entrance to the building.The passports were shown to the guard by them at the entrance to the building.= The guard was shown the passports by them at the entrance to the building.练习与巩固：熟能生巧，取得好成绩！一、选择填空1. The question ______by us soon.A.is going to discussB. will discussC.is going to be discussedD. has been discussed2. The old man was quite weak after the accident, so he______.A. must look afterB. must be taken careC. must be looked afterD. must take care oftake care of=look after3. All the new words ______up in the dictionary yet.A. have lookedB. haven’t lookedC. have been lookedD. haven’t been lookedyet在完成时态中，一般用在否定句和疑问句。

4. There is no room for you. All the seats ______.A.are takenB. was takenC. have takenD. have been taken5. A model ship ______his son by Mr. More.A. was made forB. was made toC. made forD. makes forbe made of 保留原材料的性质，看得出来The kite is made of paper.be made from 失去原材料的性质，看不出来The paper is made from wood.be made in 在...被制作的The clothes is made in China.be made for 为...制作make sb. do sth.让...做...6. ----Dad, please open the door, it ______.----OK, dear. I am coming.A. was lockedB. locksC.is lockedD. locked7. This kind of sweater______ very soft.A.is feltB. feelsC. feelD.is feelingfeel,sound,smell感官动词，物做主语不用被动语态8. ----Have all the students known that our class will visit the factory this afternoon?----Yes. Every student ______about it.A. toldB. has toldC. was toldD. tells9. The cake ______delicious.A. smellB.is smelledC.is smellingD. smells10. My father has given up smoking since he ______on.A. will operateB. will be operatedC. operatedD. was operated11. I________there would be a football match on Channel 8 tomorrow.A. will tellB. have toldC. was toldD. will be told12. The librarian told me that the book______for two weeks.A. can be borrowedB. can be keptC. could be borrowedD. could be kept一段时间，for. 瞬间动词要转换成延续性动词13. When______this kind of computer _______?A. is; usedB. was; usedC. did; useD. are; used14. The new computers_______to the village school as present last month.A. are givenB. givenC. were givenD. gave15. Your shoes_______. You’d better come to get them in half an hour.A. are mendingB. have mendedC. are being mendedD. have been mended16. When_____the accident________?A. was; happenedB. has; happenedC. was happeningD. did; happen二、用所给动词的正确形式填空。

1. Some ideas __were given____(give) to college students by him yesterday.2. ----Do you like the music “Moonlight”?----Yes, it _sounds_really beautiful!(sound)3. He won’t come to the party unless Sue _is invited_.(invite)4. “Quick” is another way of __saying_“fast”.(say)5. This kind of bike __is made_in that factory, but you can’t buy it now.(make)6. Cotton __is planted__in the country.(plant)7. So far, Man-made satellites _have been sent_by Chinese people.(send)8. This kind of shoes _has been sold_out by now.(sell)9. The room must __be kept__ clean every day.(keep)动词的适当形式1.动词的时态变化一般现在时do——does一般过去时do——did一般将来时do——will do现在进行时do——am/is/are doing过去进行时do——was/were doing过去将来时do——would do现在完成时do——have done过去完成时do——had done2.动词的语态变化be done3.三种非谓语动词不定式to do 动名词doing 分词doing,done三、阅读理解(A)Waste can be seen everywhere in the school. Some students ask for more food than they can eat and others often forget to turn off the lights when they leave the classroom. They say they can afford these things. But I don’t agree with them.Waste can bring a lot of problems. Although China is rich in some resources, we are short of others, for example, fresh water. It is reported that we will have no coal or oil to use in 100 years. So if we go on wasting our resources, what can we use in the future and where can we move? Think about it. I think we should say no to the students who waste things every day. Everybody should stop wasting as soon as possible.In our everyday life, we can do many things to prevent waste from happening, for example, turn off the water taps when we finish washing, turn off the lights when we leave the classroom, try not to order more food than we need, and so on. Little by little, everything will be changed. Waste can be stopped one day, if we do our best.1. From the passage we know that some students often _______ in the school.A. eat too muchB. don’t work hardC. waste thingsD. throw rubbish everywhere2. Which is not mentioned in this passage?A. Fresh water.B. Forest.C. Oil.D. Coal.3. What may happen in 100 years?A. We may still have enough oil.B. We may still have enough coal.C. We may have a little oil.D. We may have no coal or oil to use.4. Which of the following is right?A. Waste brings problems.B. Waste can bring no problem.C. China is rich in fresh water.D. Students never waste things.5. Which is the best title of this passage?A. Stop WastingB. School lifeC. Waste in the SchoolD. Rich Resources in China(B)A young man once went into town and bought himself a pair of trousers. When he got home, he went upstairs to his bedroom and put them on. He found that they were about two inches too long.He came downstairs, where his mother and his two sisters were washing up tea things in the kitchen. “These new trousers are too long.” He said. “They need shortening by about two inches. Would one of you mind doing this for me, please?” His mother and sisters were busy and none of them said anything.But as soon as his mother had finished washing up, she went quietly upstairs to her son’s bedroom and shortened the trousers by two inches. She came downstairs without saying anything to her daughters.Later on, after supper, the elder sister remembered her brother’s trousers. She was a kind-hearted girl, so she went quietly upstairs without saying anything to anyone, and shortened the trousers by two inches.The younger sister went to the cinema, but when she came back, she, too, remembered what her brother had said. So she ran upstairs and took two inches off the legs of the new trousers.1. The young man bought the new trousers _______ his size.A. as long asB. two inches longer thanC. as big asD. two inches shorter than2. He asked _______ to shorten his new trousers.A. his mother and sistersB. his two sistersC. his elder sisterD. his mother and one of his sisters3. His mother and sisters ________.A. agreed to do thatB. didn’t want to do thatC. said nothing to himD. said something to him4. His elder sister shortened the trousers ________.A. after finished washingB. before she went to bedC. when she came back from the cinemaD. after having supper5. The next morning the young man would find the trousers were _______too short.A. two inches shorterB. four inches shorterC. six inches shorterD. eight inches shorter（C）A Lesson from the ElderGrandfather was an elder Cherokee Native American who had a wrinkled, nut brown face and kind dark eyes. His grandson often came in the evening to sit on his knee and asked the many questions that children would ask.One day the grandson came to his grandfather with a look of anger on his face and the following story. “Father and I went to the store today and because I helped him, he bought me a present---a jack-knife. I went outside to wait for father and to admire my new knife in the sunlight. Some town boys came by and saw me. They surrounded me and started saying bad things. They called me dirty and stupid and said that I should not have such a fine knife. The largest of these boys pushed me back and I fell over one of the other boys. I dropped my knife and one of them picked it up and they all ran away laughing. I hate them. I hate them all."The elder Cherokee, with eyes that had seen too much, lifted his grandson's face so his eyes looked into the boy's face. Grandfather said, "Let me tell you a story. I, too, at times, have felt a great hate for those who have taken so much with no sorrow for what they do. But hate wears you down and does not hurt your enemy. It is like drinking poison and wishing your enemy would die.I have struggled with these feelings many times. It is as if two wolves are inside me.... It is a terrible fight.One wolf is good and does no harm. He lives in harmony with all around him and does not take offense when no offense was intended. It will only fight when it is right to do so and in the right way. This wolf stands for joy, peace, love, hope, sharing, modesty, kindness, friendship, sympathy, generosity, truth, and faith.The other wolf is full of anger. The least thing will set off his fiercest temper. He fights everyone, all the time, for no reason. He cannot think because his anger and hate are so much. It is helpless anger, for his anger will change nothing. This wolf represents fear, envy, greed, self-pity, guilt, lies, false pride and superiority.Sometimes, it is hard to live with these two wolves inside me for both of them try to control my spirit. This same fight is going on inside you and inside every other person too.”The boy looked into his grandfather's eyes and asked, "Which wolf will win?" The old Cherokee simply replied.... "The one you feed."1. The boy was angry because __________.A. he was not satisfied with his presentB. his back was badly injured in a fightC. he had waited for his father for too longD. his jack-knife had been taken away by some boys2. How does the good wolf do things in the story?A. He never fights against others.B. He tries to get on well with others.C. It is hard for him to live with other wolves.D. Sometimes he had a terrible fight because someone hit him.3. We can learn from the third paragraph that _________.A. “hate” is healthyB. “hate” hurts oneselfC. “hate” is complicatedD. “hate” harms one’s enemies4. What did Grandfather mean by saying "The one you feed" in the last paragraph?A. We should feed the two wolves equally.B. Living in harmony with others is important.C. Our feelings should be expressed at the right time.D. The choices we make determine who we will become.四、完形填空AThe United States covers a large part of the North 1__ continent, when this land first became a nation. After 2 its freedom from England, it has 13 states. Each of the states had a star on the American flag. As the nation 3 , new states were formed and there 4 new stars on the flag. 5 a long time, there were forty-eight states. In 1959 two 6 stars were added to the flag, standing for the new states of Alaska and Hawaii.7 were the first people of the land and great number of people came from England. It is8 that reason that the language of the U.S. is English and 9 its culture and customs are more 10 those of England than any other country in the world.1. A. America B. America's C. American D. Americans2. A. win B. won C. winning D. have won3. A. grew B. grows C. growing D. have grown4. A. are B. were C. have been D. had been5. A. In B. From C. For D. Through6. A. another B. many C. other D. more7. A. India B. Indian C. Indias D. Indians8. A. on B. for C. because D. because of9. A. that B. why C. many D. all10. A. as B. like C. same D. as ifBIDme to go into law. And I’ve ___11___ regretted it. I wanted to be a biologist, but I didn’t purse my dream. You know what you want. Go fulfill it.”A s it turned out, my little publication went on to become Student, a nation magazine for young people in the U.K. My wife and I have two children, and I’d like to think we are bringing them up in the same way Dad ___12__ me.1. A. biologist B. manager C. lawyer D. gardener2. A. praise B. courage C. power D. warmth3. A. unnecessary B. unkind C. unimportant D. unusual4. A. Another B. Some C. Any D. Other5. A. in case B. by turns C. by chance D. in return6. A. understanding B. experienced C. serious D. demanding7. A. taking up B. making up C. picking up D. keeping up8. A. suggestion B. decision C. notice D. choice9. A. and B. as C. even if D. as if10. A. helped B. allowed C. persuaded D. suggested11. A. always B. never C. seldom D. almost12. A. controlled B. comforted C. reminded D. raisedCThe car，running along the well-lit road，now sank in darkness. I broke the__1__on purpose，for fear that the driver was too tired to drive. “When do you go back home in the evening？” “9 o'clock after this trip.” “Then when do you drive out in the morning？”I threw out another question.“9 o'clock，too－just as if I worked at an office.” His__2__surprised me，because every time I ride a taxi，what I hear from the driver are only complaints that they have to work from morning till night，it's hard to earn money，they're often__3__by the police，or that their leaders are seated lazily，__4__the fruits. But this driver told me，“I find it tiring to be a section chief as I was before. I like driving just for__5__.It's fortunate that I hardly drive without a passenger. So I earn two or three thousand yuan a month with ease. Yes，I never__6__an empty taxi. If it goes southward，I go northward. If it goes along a highway，I__7__into a narrow street.”His words showed his__8__with his life and the pride he took in his job. Such feelings are so__9__among people nowadays as oxygen in high mountains. As an ancient saying goes，“Neither joy in material__10__nor grieve(悲痛)over personal setbacks.” How many people nowadays can show high ideals by__11__living and go far with a calm mind？I couldn't help feeling curious when finding such a state of mind in a stranger on a cold__12__.1．A. window B．stillness C．quietness D．silence 2．A. easiness B．confidence C．attitude D．character 3．A. fined B．ordered C．detected D．seized 4．A. keeping B．tasting C．enjoying D．choosing 5．A. freedom B．pleasure C．hobby D．money 6．A. meet B．admire C．envy D．follow 7．A. look B．knock C．turn D．crash 8．A. intelligence B．satisfaction C．petition D．honesty 9．A. normal B．regular C．serious D．rare 10．A.gains B．concerns C．supports D．loss 11．A. special B．happy C．original D．simple 12．A. morning B．night C．moment D．season。