第14讲汉译英句子的处理从意合到形合拿到一个汉语句子,尤其是那些平行结构的句子,翻译前要仔细阅读和分析,弄清它的主次成分,如动作的先后顺序、情态和因果关系等。
只有这样,才能使译文准确生动地表达原文的含义,句型活泼,避免呆板。
如这样的句子该如何译?——“总工程师急躁不安,两手插在裤子口袋里,在书桌前踱来踱去。
”如果缺乏分析,急于落笔,很容易把它译成:“The chief engineer was vexed and restless.He put his two hands into his pockets and paced back and forth in front of the desk.”他急躁不安，两只手插在口袋里，在书桌前踱来踱去。
译文一：He was vexed and restless, put hishands into his pockets and paced back and forth in front of the desk.译文二：Vexed and restless, he was pacing back and forth in front of the desk, hands in his pockets.2.燕子去了，有再来的时候译文一Swallows may have gone, but there’s a time of return (转折关系)译文二：Swallows have gone away, and there’s a time of return.(and表示转折关系)译文三：Swallows may have gone while there’s a time of return. (while 等于whereas 或but ,有转折意义)译文四：While swallows may have gone, there’s a time of return(while 等于although) 译文五：Although swallows may have gone, there’s a time of eturn(让步关系)译文六：Swallows will come back again although they have gone.(让步关系)译文七：When swallows have gone, there will be a time to return,(条件关系)译文八：If swallows go away, they will comeback again.(条件关系)译文九：Swallows that have gone away will come back again.(限定关系)译文十：Swallows having gone away will come back again.(限定关系)3.对我来说，我的水箱就像我自己的一个小国王。
我就是里面的国王。
译文一：To me my aquarium is like my own little kingdom where I am king (定语从句)译文二：To me my aquarium is like my own little kingdom and I am king inside it (并列结构)4.洞庭湖“衔远山，吞长江，浩浩荡荡，横无际涯。
朝晖夕阴，气象万千。
译文一：Carrying distant mountains in the mouth and swallowing the Yangtze River, the vast and mighty Dongting Lake stretches endlessly, turning brilliant in the morning and gloomy at dusk with the scenery abounding in changes.(分词短语；介词短语)译文二：The vast and mighty Dongting Lake carries distant mountains in the mouth,swallows the Yangtze River, stretches endlessly, turns brilliant in the morning and gloomy at dusk and changes in scenery.(并列结构)5.我会对科学家谈发明，对历史学家谈考古，对政治家谈国家形势，展览会上讲艺术鉴赏，酒席上讲烹调译文一：I’d talk about invention with a scientist, archaeology with a historian, foreign affairs with a politician, connoisseurship in an exhibition and cookery at a banquet.6.园内，一条小道直通荷花深处，我驻足、徘徊、倘佯其间，耳目共赏，心境出奇的平和，一扫夏日的烦躁，人仿佛置身于水墨丹青之中，物我两忘译文一：In the garden, there is a path straight in the depth of the lotuses; I stopped there, paced up and sown, and roamed around. Admiring the beauty of the garden by the ears and eyes, my state of mind was extraordinarily peaceful and the impatient nature caused by summer cleared away completely.译文二：In the garden, there is a path straight in the depth of the lotuses; I stopped there, paced up and sown, and roamed around. Admiring the beauty of the garden by the ears and eyes, it was extraordinarily peaceful in my mind and the impatient nature caused by summer cleared away completely.译文三：In the garden, there is a path straight in the depth of the lotuses; I stopped there, paced up and sown, and roamed around, Admiring the beauty of the garden by the ears and eyes, I felt extraordinarily peaceful in my mind and the impatient nature caused by summer cleared away completely.译文四：In the garden, there is a path straight in the depth of the lotuses; I stopped there, paced up and down, and roamed around.While I was admiring the beauty of the garden by the ears and eyes, my state of mind was extraordinarily peaceful and the impatient nature caused by summer cleared away completely.1）从形合到形合1.花虽多，但无奇花异草。
译文一：I grow many flowers, but none of them are exotic or rare ones.译文二：Although (Though ) I grow many flowers, none of them are exotic or rare ones. 译文三：I grow many flowers, none of them are exotic or rare ones, though.译文四:I grow many flowers while none of them are exotic or rare ones.2.幽默当然是用笑来发泄，但是笑未必就表示着幽默译文一：Humor certainly gets a laugh, but laughing is not always induced by humor.译文二：Although (Though )humor certainly Gets a laugh, laughing id not always induced by humor.译文三：Humor certainly gets a laugh, laughing is not always induced by humor, though.译文四：Humor certainly gets a laugh while laughing is not always induced by humor.3.猪是否快乐得像人，我们不知道；但是人会容易满足得像猪，我们是常看见的。
译文一：I don’t know whether pigs can be happy like human beings, but I often see human beings readily satisfied like pigs.译文二：Although (Though) I don’t lnow whether pigs can be happy like human beigs, I often see human beings readily satisfied like pigs译文三：I don’t know whether pigs can be happy like human beings while I often see human beings readily satisfied like pigs.译文四：I don’t know whether pigs can be happy like human beings. However, I often see human beings readily satisfied like pigs.4.妈妈扑哧笑了，我也忍不住笑了Mother burst into laughter, and I couldn’t help joining in要深刻认识反腐败工作的长期性、艰巨性和复杂性It is essential to have a profound understanding of the long-trm, arduous andcomplex nature of the work against corruption. 我从来最怕爸爸，在家里爸爸很少说话，而一说话又是那么冷得让人发抖Father had been the most scary to me. He rarely spoke when he was home, and once he did his words were so cold as to make me shiver.要么就一点也不相信我，要么就完完全全相信我。