Safety (Security & shelter)
Physiological (Air, food, water, etc.)
Work Motivation Theories: Alderfer’s ERG Theory
Self-Actualization (Self-fulfillment)
High n’Achs tend to desire high levels of achievement whereas low n’Achs tend to only avoid failure
Low n’Achs can be trained to develop a need for achievement
Work Motivation Theories: Maslow’s Hierarchy of Needs
Self-Actualization (Self-fulfillment)
Esteem (Recognition from others)
Social (Company and acceptance of others)
Person compares themselves with Other Person perceived what they input into job Person perceives what they benefit from job Person compares input-benefit ratio of him/herself to
Work Motivation: Definition
Work motivation is a set of energetic forces that originate both within as well as beyond an individual’s being, to initiate work-related behavior, and to determine its form, direction, intensity, and duration
Work Motivation Theories: Equity Theory
Equity Theory: Motivation theory based on the social comparison process of examining the ratio of inputs and outcomes between oneself and a comparison other.
3 Dimensions Direction Intensity Persistence
Work Motivation: 5 Concepts
Behavior: Action from which we infer motivation Performance: Evaluation of behavior Ability: Determinant of behavior Situational Constraints: Determinant of behavior Motivation: Determinant of behavior
Work Motivation
Chapter 12
Work Motivation: Overview
Five Critical Concepts in Motivation Work Motivation Theories Overview and Synthesis of Work Motivation Theories The Application of Motivational Strategies
Esteem (Recognition from others)
Social (Company and acceptance of others)
Safety (Security & shelter)
Physiological (Air, food, water, etc.)
Growth
Relatedness Existence
x - = ABILITY
MOTIVATION
SITUATIONAL CONSTRAINTS
Performance as a Function of Motivation Theories
Need theories Cognitive theories Job design theories Behavioral theories
Other
Adams (1965)
Work Motivation Theories: Equity Theory
Equity occurs when each person has equal ratios (e.g., 50:50)
self-outcomes
other’s-outcomes
vs
Work Motivation Theories:
McClelland’s Need for Achievement Theory
People with a high need for achievement (high n’Ach) will put more effort into work than people without this need (low n’Ach)
Work Motivation Theories: Need Hierarchy Theory
Based on sequential ordering of human needs that individuals seek to fulfill in serial progression.
• Maslow’s Need Hierarchy • Alderfer’s ERG Theory • McClelland’s Need for Achievement Theory