翻译理论与实践课作业天津科技大学外语学院作业一：字词的翻译一、词的理解1.一词多义：wetShe had a wet nurse for the infant Elliot.If you think I am for him, you are all wet.She wet her pants at the news.Statestate and revolution,state of the unionthe united states.3.词义引申：抽象化、具体化Every life has its roses and thorns.She stood there chewing over the strange thing.The engine sounds good.At 23, he had first learned what it is to be a Negro.4.词的褒贬：commentAlice was excited as a child, delighted to be once more the center of the comment. But what a comment, she could not help reflecting, on her own charms.He walked around the room. He then stopped and looked around, “comment” ?5.词的轻重：看词类、看场合、看句型、看习惯等等。
Through；freeHe slept the night through.There is a through train to Beijing.Through this way, they finished the task.She is free with her money.I made her free of my library.二、词义的表达1.直译法dark horse Hot dog Forbidden fruit暴发户半边天红卫兵2意译法blue jacket the yellow leaf Wet blanket炒鱿鱼下海白拿3.直译意译结合法the apple of one’s eye as dull as a gooseBlack sheep as timid as a rabbit4.音译法karaoke Guitar Model Coffee Sofa气功太极功夫狗不理好利来5.音译意译结合法KFC三、词法翻译1.对等译法直接找到同原文对等的表达。
fish in troubled watersturn up one’s nose at sb.turn a deaf ear to,make a fuss about,look before you leapthere is no smoke without firemore haste, less speed,east and west, home is best.2.具体译法3.Class; family; transportation;keep quiet; raise the roof,; oil and vinegar4.抽象译法eat like a bird ; break the iceHe has many hot potatoes to handle every day.I was practically on my knees but he still refused.The newly employed woman servant was extremely lazy and ate a lot, no more than a white elephant.5.增词译法after the football match, he’s got an important meeting.6.省词译法he is a good friend that speaks well of us behind our backs.7.合词译法his father is a man who forgives and forgets.8.转性译法it was a very informative meeting.9.换形译法。
you think she will come if it is fine tomorrow, but I don’t think so.10.褒贬译法ambitiousmany people think that he is one of the most ambitious politicians of our times.Although he is very young, he is very ambitious in his research work.课后练习：To make a long story short.It is another story now.I don’t buy yo ur story.Once the story got abroad, I would never hear the last of it.Of Studies选段：Studies serve for delight, for ornament, and for ability. Their chief use for delight is in privateness and retiring; for ornament, is in discourse; and for ability, is in the judgment and disposition of business.作业二：句子的翻译一、普通句子的翻译1.换序译法更换原文的词序，使得译文通顺。
even the wild animals of his homeland, it seemed to Kunta, had more dignity than these creatures.2.断句译法长而复杂的句子，适当断开翻译。
the shark swung over and the old man saw his eye was not alive and then he swung over once again, wrapping himself in two loops of the rope.3.转句译法原文词语具有丰富含义，需要译文转译成一个句子。
a crashing thunderstorm, with thick rain hissing down from skies black as night, stopped Victor Henry from leaving the White House.4.合句译法英语句子一般较长，汉语句子较短，所以汉译英时常把几个句子合起来译成一个英语句子。
贾琏见他去了，只得回来瞧凤姐。
／谁知凤姐已醒了，听他和鸳鸯借当。
5.缩句译法将原文的一个句子转换为译文句子的一个部分。
her father became the mayor of the city. He was a murderer in the Second World War.6.转态译法原译文的主被动语态进行转换。
she hadn’t been told Bette’s other name, or she’d forgotten it.7.正反译法原文中的否定词译文翻译为肯定词，肯定词翻译为否定词，相反也可以这样。
we must never stop taking an optimistic view of life.He seemed to be at a loss for the precise words to elaborate his opinion.二、定语从句的翻译限制性定语从句前置法。
先行词起限制作用，可以翻译成带“的”的定语词组，译成汉语单句。
the pupil that had been watching started to applaud.I know a place where we can swim.后置法。
句子较长，汉译时前置定语显得太长不符合汉语表达习惯，可以后置，译成并列句。
a new teacher will come tomorrow who will teach us French.融合法。
将原文的主语和定语从句融合在一起译成一个独立句子。
we have a social and political system which differs in many respects from your own.非限制性定语从句译成并列分句。
Carrie reached home in high good spirits, which she could scarcely conceal.译成独立句。
it has long been my wish to encounter one of the oldest civilizations in earth. I have come amidst you from Egypt, on the banks of the Nile, which also has a most ancient civilization.these actions, which have aroused universal and unreserved disapproval, must nevertheless give us a pause.三、状语从句的翻译1. 句序照译。
大多数状语从句可以直接直接置于句首，与原文一致。
while she spoke, the tears were running down.I left immediately I’d finished my work.The evidence is invalid in that it was obtained through illegal means.2. 发挥汉语的优势。
while one finds company in himself and his pursuits, he cannot feel old, on matter what his years may be. Where there is a will, there is a way.课后练习：1.Cheerful, efficient and warm-hearted, they will do everything to make your journey smooth and comfortable.2. Throughout his life, Benjamin Franklin continued his education, learning from human contacts as well as from books.3. Americans have a great range of customs and habits that at first may seem puzzling to a visitor.4. The young man was very miserable. He had no money about him. All his savings had been stolen.作业三：长句的翻译（英译汉）顺序法。