Defining cross-cultural pragmatics
Defining cross-cultural
Thomas: any communication between two people who, in any particular domain, do not share a common linguistic or cultural background.
Phonological level
Pitch plays an important role both in tone language and intonation language but in different ways. In tone language, if the tone of a word is changed, its meaning would also change, but in an intonation language it remains the same. Intonation in English may reflect syntactic or semantic differences.
station In British English, it usually means railway station. In American English, it refers to bus/coach station, train station. "窝心，检讨" inTaiwan and the mainland of China.
Pragmalinguistics
Leech: pragmalinguistics studies "the particular resources which a given language provideds for conveying particular illocutions."
cross-cultural pragmalinguistics studies the differences in the pragmatic force assigned by people from different cultures to the same or similar linguistic unit in their language. Such differences in structures can be located at different levels: phonological, lexical, syntactic and discoursal.
Cross-cultural sociopragmatics studies the social values underlying the differences in employing different pragmatic strategies between people from different culture.
Defining cross-cultural pragmatics
Defining culture
In linguistics and cross-cultural communicaction, "culture"mainly refers to an intergrated pattern of human knowledge, belief, and behavior that depends upon the capacity for symbolic thought and social learning. culture also refers to the set of shared attitudes, values, goals, and practices that characterizes an institution, organization or group.
（c）道谢与道歉方面的语用差异 汉语的“谢谢”和英语的"Thank you".
汉语的“对不起”和英语的"Excuse me" "Sorry".
英汉语用差异
（d）恭维与赞扬的语用差异 Chinese 甲：你这件毛衣真漂亮！ 乙：漂亮什么呀！都穿好几年了！
English A: You look smart in your sweater. B: Thank you.
Discourse level
The organization of conversation or texts is different from culture to culture.
For example, when Chinese people make a telephone call, they usually begin their conversation with a small talk and then get down to business. English-speaking people ususlly do the opposite.
Intercultural communication refers to the study of interaction at the individual level between members of distinctly different cultural groups. Cross-cultural communication implies a comparative account of some phenomena across cultures.
Syntactic level
People from different languages/cultures will employ different speech act strategies by means of different sentence types.
For example,in English classroms a teacher says:"Would you like to read?" it is a conventionally polite request, but one which definitely expects compliance. In Chinese classroms a teacher would use a straightforward imperative form such as "小明，你 念一下第一段。" In the service encounter: Chinese: 给我一包。。。 English: Can I have...,please? Or I'd like...please!
Defining cross-cultural pragmatiห้องสมุดไป่ตู้s
Defining pragmatics
Leech: pragmatics can be devided into two parts: pragmalinguistics and sciopragmatics.The former studies "the particular resources which a given language provides for conveying partivular illocutions" and the latter is "sociological interface of pragmatics."
Sociopragmatics
Leech: Sociopragmatics is the sociological interface of pragmatics. It studies the underlying reasons for choosing one linguistic form over another.
Cross-cultural Pragmatics
CONTENT
Defining cross-cultural pragmatics Pragmalinguistics Sociopragmatics
Defining cross-cultural pragmatics
Defining culture
e.g He is in the office.
What's in the tea, honey?
Do you know John Smith?
Lexical level
A word which has a similar counterpart in another language may have a different interpretative bias. e.g.
英汉语用差异
A. 社交应酬方面的语用差异 （a）招呼用语的语用差异 汉语：“你好！”“你早！”“你来了？”“上班去？”......“吃了 吗？”...... 英语："how are you?, how are you doing?", "lovely weather, isn't it?"...
（b）道别用语的语用差异 汉语：“再见”，“慢慢走/走好！”，“请回/请留步！” 英语：“Good-bye!”, "I wish you a pleasant journey/good luck!", “It's nice meeting you.”
汉语中在回应对方的恭维或赞扬时，人们习惯于使用“否认” 或“自贬”的方式，常被认为是一种谦虚或礼貌的表现。 在英语中，面对恭维或赞扬时，对方不会直接否定，更不会自 贬，而更多是迎合，即表示感谢。