翻译方法论：
直译与意译
异化与归化
• Last night I heard him driving his pigs to market.
昨夜我听见他把他的猪赶到集市了。
昨晚我听见他鼾声如雷。
• My sister goes back to the fat farm again.
我妹妹又去肥胖农场了。
我妹妹又去减肥中心了。
• She was torn between staying at home to watch the TV play serial and going to the
cinema with him.
• 她被是呆在家里看电视连续剧和跟他一起去电影院看电影之间撕碎了。
• 是呆在家里看电视连续剧，还是跟他一起去看电影，她一时拿不定主意。
• The research finds that young women are heading for an early grave through smoking
and of lack of exercise.
• 这项研究发现，青年妇女由于抽烟和缺少运动，将大大缩短自己的寿命。
• Every family is said to have at least one skeleton in the cupboard.
• 译文一：家丑不可外扬。
• 译文二：据说家家户户至少有一桩丑事。
• 译文三：俗话说：衣柜里放骷髅，丑事家家有。
• 三个臭皮匠，合成一个诸葛亮。
• 译文一：Two heads are better than one.
• 译文二：Three cobblers make one Solomon.
• 译文三：Three cobblers make one Zhuge Liang.
• 译文四：Three cobblers with their wits combined equal Zhuge Liang the master mind.
• 钉子户常常是政府部门颇感头疼的事。
• “Nail houses”——or homes sticking out on tracts of cleared land, whose owners resist
eviction——are constant headaches for governmental organs concerned.
• 他的生意一败涂地，觉得自己无颜见江东父老。
• He suffered such a crushing defeat in business that he felt ashamed to appear before his
friends and relatives.
A Comparison of Chinese and English Languages
We’d appreciate it if you could airmail us the relative literatures as soon as possible.
贵方如能尽快将相关资料航空邮寄给我方，将不胜感激。
The meeting will begin when all are here.
人到齐就开会。
He is a good eater and a good sleeper.
他能吃能睡．
Ford’s first pledge was “Mr. President, you have my support and my loyalty.
福特一开始就说：“总统先生，我支持您，并效忠于您．”
The very sight of you makes me nervous.
一看见你就让我感觉不自在。
The quick arrival of the engineers sent by them and their careful examination of all
facilities brought about the very speedy restoration of the factory’s production. 他们派来的工程师迅速到达，并检查了所有的设备，工厂很快恢复了生产 。
Party officials worked long hour on meagre food, in old caves, by dim lamps.
党的干部吃着粗茶淡饭，住着寒冷的窑洞，点着昏暗的油灯，长时间地工作。
What film will be on this evening?
今晚放映什么影片？
He walked around the house with a gun.
他拿着枪，绕着屋子走。
A study of that letter leaves us in no doubt as to the motives behind it.
研究一下那封信，就使我们毫不怀疑该信是别有用心的。
The very first sight of her made him fall in love with her.
他对她一见钟情。
Even if the monk can run away, his temple cannot run with him.
跑得了和尚，跑不了庙。
Even if I were to be beaten to death, I will not tell.
打死我也不说。
Modesty helps one go forward, whereas conceit makes one lag behind.
谦虚使人进步，骄傲使人落后。
If winter comes, can spring be far behind?
冬天来了，春天还会远吗？
We will not attack unless we are attacked.
人不犯我，我不犯人。
The boy, who was crying as if his heart would break, said, when I spoke to him, that he
was very hungry because he had had no food for two days.
男孩哭得心都快碎了，当我问及他时，他说饿极了，有两天没吃了。
To Henry Kissinger, for whose wise counsel and dedicated services far beyond the call of
duty I shall always remain grateful.
From his friend, Richard Nixon
赠言亨利·基辛格
善进良策，献身尔职
逾于所司，永志不忘
您的朋友：理查德·尼克松
这是清新如许的一天：芳草萋萋，白云飘飘，蝴蝶翩翩；这是万籁俱寂的一天：蜜蜂不语，春花倦舞，海晏浪静，大地宁谧。
It was a day as fresh as grass growing up and clouds going over and butterflies coming
down can make it. It was a day compounded from silences of bee and flower and ocean
and land…
By changing daily food and randomly selecting clothes, we avoid establishing a pattern of
life.
通过改变每天的食品和随意挑选衣服，我们避免了形成一个固定的生活模式。
欲避免一成不变的生活模式，可改变每天的饮食，随意选择不同的服装。
In my favorite photo we are on the step of our new home, wearing red baseball caps and
toothy smiles.
在我最喜欢的那张照片里，我们站在新居的台阶上，头戴红色棒球帽，一个个露齿而笑。 Many thanks for the dinner yesterday，which my wife and I enjoyed very much.
我和我妻子对昨天的晚宴感到极其愉快，深表感谢。
I am much delighted to hear you have passed the entrance examinations to Beijing
University and with a good record．
听说你以优异成绩考取了北京大学，（我）非常高兴。
It is wrong to think that our open door policy is to worship and have blind faith in things
foreign．
那种认为我们的开放政策就是崇洋迷外的观点是错误的。
I am very sorry that I have not written to you for such a long time, since I wrote to you
last．
自从前次寄上一函，久未修书问候，十分抱歉。
从主题到主语
累得我走不动了。
It exhauseted me so much that I couldn’t walk.
I was too tired to walk.
知己知彼，百战不殆。
You can fight a hundred battles without defeat if you know the enemy as well as yourself.
近三十年的实践已经充分证明，我们进行改革开放的方向是正确的，信念是坚定的，步骤是稳妥的，方式是渐进的，取得的成就是巨大的。
The practice in the past 30 years has eloquently proved that the direction of our reform
and opening-up is right, our conviction is firm, our steps are steady, our approach is
gradual and our achievements are huge.
The practice in the past 30 years has eloquently proved that we are right in direction,
firm in conviction, steady in our steps and gradual in our approach when carrying out the
reform and opening-up and have achieved tremendous success.
中国幅员辽阔，自然资源丰富，廉价劳动力充裕，税收低，消费者市场不断增长，基础设施不断完善。
China boasts vast territory, abundant natural resources, rich inexpensive labour, low
taxtation, a growing consumer market and improving infrastructure.
采用新工艺大大降低了产品的成本。
The adoption of the new process has greatly cut the cost of production.
能吃能睡不一定就健康。
Greater eaters and sleepers are not always healthy.
工作的时候心不在焉，经常会带来不必要的损失。
Absent-mindedness in our work will often lead to unwanted losses.
今天讨论的范围涉及时事政治的问题。
Today’s discussion covers issues of current political affairs.
建校367年来，曾出过7为总统，40多位诺贝尔奖获得者。
The 367 years have witnessed seven presidents and over 40 Nobel Laureates produced
from Harvard University.
In its 367 years of history, Harvard has produced seven American presidents and more
than 40 Nobel Laureates.
谓语的确定
中国疆域辽阔、人口众多、历史悠久。