220段落学习：①Two paradoxes exist throughout this credibility process.②First, scientific work tends to focus on some aspect of prevailing knowledge that is viewed as incomplete or incorrect.③Little reward accompanies duplication and confirmation of what is already known and believed.前面是第一天的内容，还能回忆起来吗④The goal is new-search, not re-search.参考译文：研究的目标是新的“寻找”而不是重复“寻找”。
⑤Not surprisingly, newly published discovery claims and credible discoveries that appear to be important and convincing will always be open to challenge and potential modification or refutation by future researchers.词汇突破：challenge 质疑Modification 修改Refutation 推翻主干识别：newly published discovery claims and credible discoveries will always be open to challenge and potential modification or refutation by future researchers其他成分：that appear to be important and convincing 定语Not surprisingly, 状语参考译文：那些看起来重要且可信的新发表的发现声明以及可信的发现，总要面对将来研究者的质疑甚至是可能的修改和推翻，这一点不足为奇。
⑥Second, novelty itself frequently provokes disbe lief.参考译文：第二. 新生事物本身就常常招致怀疑。
最后三句：⑦Nobel Laureate and physiologist Albert Azent-Gyorgyi once described discovery as “seeing what everybody has seen and thinking what nobody has thought.”诺贝尔奖获得者，生理学家Albert Azent-Gyorgyi 曾经就把发现描述为“见人之所见，思无人所想”。
⑧But thin king what nobody else has thought and telling others what they have missed may not change their views.但是想无人所想，并且告诉其他人他们的纰漏未必能改变这些人的看法。
⑨Sometimes years are required for truly novel discovery claims to be accepted and appreciated.有时，真正的新的发现需要很多年才能被接受和认可。
今天的句子：“So few authors have brains enough or literary gift enough to keep their own end up in journalism,” Newman wrote, “that I am tempted to define ‘journalism’ as ‘a term of contempt applied by writers who are not read to writers who are’ .”221来自何凯文考研英语天气冷了，真的累了，凯文挺住！一起加油！今天的句子：While polls show Britons rate “the countryside” alongside the royal family, Shakespeare and the National Health Service （NHS）as what makes them proudest of their country, this has limited political support.昨天句子的解析：“So few a uthors have brains enough or literary gift enough to keep their own end up in journalism,” Newman wrote, “that I am tempted to define‘journalism’ as ‘a term of contempt applied by writers who are not read to writers who are’ .”主干识别：Newman wrote其他成分：宾语从句：So few authors have brains enough or literary gift enough to keep their own end up in journalism that I am tempted to define ‘journalism’ as ‘a term of contempt applied by writers who are not read to writers who are’整个句子是so…that…的结构；1. So few authors have brains enough or literary gift enough to keep their own end up in journalism少有作家能有足够的智慧和文学天赋使他们的自己的作品出现在新闻媒体上。
2. I am tempted to define ‘journalism’ as ‘a term of contemptBe tempted to… 禁不住..忍不住..我就忍不住把“新闻媒体”定义为一个“具有鄙视色彩的术语=蔑称”3. applied by writers who are not read to writers who are applied by A to BA= Writers who are not read;作品无人问津的作者B= writers who are （read）作品受读者欢迎的作者把2和3合在一起：我就忍不住把“新闻媒体”定义为一个作品无人问津的作者用到作品受读者欢迎的作者身上的“蔑称”参考译文：纽曼这样写道：“少有作家能有足够的智慧和文学天赋使他们的自己的作品出现在新闻媒体上。
以至于我就忍不住把“新闻媒体”定义为一个“作品无人问津的作者”用到“作品受读者欢迎的作者”身上的‘蔑称’”。
（天气真的冷了，记得加衣！）222今天的句子：The researchers’ argument stems from a simple observation about social influence: With the exception of a few celebrities like Oprah Winfrey—whose outsize presence is primarily a function of media, not interpersonal, influence—even the most influential members of a population simply don’t interact with that manyothers.昨天的句子：While polls sho w Britons rate “the countryside” alongside the royal family, Shakespeare and the National Health Service （NHS）as what makes them proudest of their country, this has limited political support.词汇突破：民调（民意调查）2. alongside …相比；和…一样(对比的作用)3. NHS 英国国家医疗服务体系4. while 虽然5. Briton 英国人6. rate 评为，认为结构识别：while polls show Britons rate A as B, A has limited political support.参考译文：虽然种种民调显示英国人认为乡村和王室，莎士比亚和英国国家医疗服务体系（NHS）一样，是他们国家最值得骄傲的地方，但是乡村只得到了有限的政治支持。
223今天的句子：Consumers passionate about a product may create "earned" media by willinglypromoting it to friends, and a company may leverage “owned” media by sending e-mail alerts about products and sales to customers registered with its Web site.昨天句子的解析：The researchers’ argument stems from a simple observation about social influence: With the exception of a few celebrities like Oprah Winfrey—whose outsize presence is primarily a function of media, not interpersonal, influence—even the most influential members of a popul ation simply don’t interact with that many others.主干识别：1. The researchers’ argument stems from a simple observation about social influence:研究者的观点源自于对社会影响的简单观察：2. even the most influential members of a population simply don’t interact with that many others即使是一个人群中最有影响力的成员也不会与那么多的人进行互动其他成分： With the exception of a few celebrities like Oprah Winfrey 状语—whose outsize presence is primarily a function of media, not interpersonal, influence—定语从句做插入语奥普拉非凡的存在主要是一个媒体功能的影响，而不是人际关系的影响参考译文：研究者的观点源自于对社会影响的简单观察：除了个别像奥普拉.温弗瑞这样的名人，即使是一个人群中最有影响力的成员也不会与那么多的人进行互动。