Lecture 10
•
汉译英中谓语的处理
Lecture 9
After-class exercises
• 8、这时寂静无声。 • silent / silence • 参考译文：It is very quiet at the moment. • 9、屋里有一位客人。 • 参考译文：There is a guest in the room.
• 2、这儿将修建更多的居民大楼。 • There will build more apartment buildings. • Many more apartment buildings will be constructed here. • 参考译文：More apartment buildings will be built here.
Lecture 10
汉译英中谓语的处理
• ―You mean me? Well, yes, I think I could make people dance to my tune. But today it’s another story. It’s not me but others who have changed. People’s moods change everyday.‖
Lecture 9
After-class exercises
• 11、只有慎之又慎，才能避免犯不必要的 错误。 • The more cautions you pay, the less mistakes you will make. • Only if we being very careful, can we get rid of some errors. • 参考译文：Being very careful, you (we) can avoid making unnecessary mistakes.
Lecture 9
After-class exercises
• 7、到车站只有三英里路。 • You can walk three miles to the station from here. • There are three miles to the station from here • 参考译文：It is only three miles to the station.
Lecture 9
After-class exercises
• 3、那个地方讲什么方言？ • What is the dialect of that district? • 参考译文：What dialect is spoken there?
Lecture 9
After-class exercises
Lecture 10
• •
汉译英中谓语的处理
• 2．汉语谓语的独立性、自足性较强 所谓“独立性”，指谓语可以不受主语 人称与数的支配，保持形态上的“原形”。 所谓“自足性”，指汉语的谓语不必非 与主语搭配，不论有没有主语，谓语本身 的句法功能自能显现。 就以上两点而言，汉语谓语远强于英语。
•
Lecture 10
• 4、去年发现了一种稀有元素。 • A kind of rare element had been found last year. • A rare element was discovered last year. • Last year saw the discovery of a rare element. • 参考译文：A rare element was found last year.
Lecture 9
• 1、请讲慢些。
After-class exercises
• Please slow down. • Speak more slowly, please. • 参考译文：Speak a little slower, please.
Lecture 9
After-class exercises
Lecture 9
After-class exercises
• 10、想吃什么，只管告诉我。 • Tell me anything you want to eat. • Tell me what you want to eat. • 参考译文：Whatever you like to eat, just tell me.
Lecture 9
• •
After-class exercises
• 6、能不能提前完成计划呢？ Can you achieve / fulfill this project ahead of schedule? Can accomplish the plan in advance?
• 参考译文：Is it possible to carry out the plan ahead of time?
Lecture 10
汉译英中谓语的处理
• 例：老秤一斤十六两。（十六两：数量词 组） • Sixteen ―liang‖ makes one ―jin‖ by the old system of weights. • 例：那个侦探足智多谋。（足智多谋：联 合词组） • The detective is very resourceful. • 例：河畔草青青。（青青：修饰语） • The grass is green by the riverside.
Lecture 10
• • •
汉译英中谓语的处理
• 三．汉译英中谓语的处理 1．汉语连动谓语句的翻译 2．汉语兼语式谓语句的英译 3．英译时语气、时态、语态的表现与 处理
Lecture 10
•
汉译英中谓语的处理
• 三．汉译英中谓语的处理 由于缺乏形态标记，汉语动词在句子中 占明显优势。许多汉语句子中包括多个谓 语动词。而英语动词由于所受约束多，在 句子中不占优势。除少数并列句外，大多 数英语句子只包含一个谓语动词，其他动 态语义由动词的分词、不定式等非谓语形 式表达，或由其他词类替代。
• 例：这种行为很不道德。（不道德：形容 词） • This conduct is immoral.
Lecture 10
汉译英中谓语的处理
• 例：你们厂里情况怎么样？（怎么样：不 定代词） • What do you think of your factory?
• 例：七月二十二日她生日。（她生日：名 词词组） • July 22 is her birthday.
Lecture 9
After-class exercises
• 12、打得赢就打，打不赢就走。 • Fight when you can win, run away when you can’t win. • 参考译文：Fight when you can win, move away when you cannot.
Lecture 10
• 2．调整 • 例：令行禁止 •
汉译英中谓语的处理
Orders and prohibitions are made to be enforced.（语态调整） The load must be taken off your mind before you can work well.（语态 调整）
Lecture 10
• • •
汉译英中谓语的处理
一．汉英语言谓语的差异 二．汉译英中谓语转换的对策 三．汉译英中谓语的处理
Lecture 10
汉译英中谓语的处理
• 一．汉英语言谓语的差异 • 1．英语谓语的基本特征 • 1）英语谓语必须以动词为基础和核心， 除了动词，任何其它次类都不能取代谓语 动词这个主体成分。 2）英语谓语动词和主语必须一致认， 即concord（或agreement，指动词的形式 和主语的人称和数必须一致）。
• 例：包袱放不下，工作就搞不好。 •
Lecture 10
•
汉译英中谓语的处理
• 例：红脸好唱，白脸不好唱。 Positive characters are easy to be performed while the negative ones difficult. The discipline is weak.（词类调整） Money is getting tighter and tighter. （词类调整）
•
Lecture 10
汉译英中谓语的处理
• 构成英语主谓一致这一规范的原则包括： • A．语法原则（Grammatical Principle） • 例：Trousers often bag at the knees. • 裤子常在膝盖处松垂得像个袋子。 • B．逻辑原则（Logical Principle） • 例： Half the boys are here.（可数） • Half the vehicle has been damaged. （不可数）
Lecture 10
• • • 1．对应 2．调整 3．补充
汉译英中谓语的处理
• 二．汉译英中谓语转换的对策
Lecture 10
• 1．对应 •
汉译英中谓语的处理
汉译英中谓语对应式翻译的情况并不少 见，在公文、经贸、科技文体中尤其如此。 其得以实现的依据是人类感知的共性，这 种共性使思维——语言形式获得了同构。
Lecture 9
After-class exercises
• 5、饿得他话都说不出来了。 • It is so hungry that he can’t talk. • He was too hungry to speak. • 参考译文：It makes him so hungry that he can’t speak.
Lecture 10
汉译英中谓语的处理
of Idiomaticness）