2013-2014学年度第一学期期末七年级数学试题注意事项:本试卷分第Ⅰ卷(选择题)和第Ⅱ卷(非选择题)两部分,共120分,考试时间120分钟.第Ⅰ卷(选择题 共36分)一、选择题:(本大题共12小题,每小题3分,共36分,在每小题给出的四个选项中,只有一项符合题目要求,请将正确选项填在上面的表格中...)1.14-的绝对值是A .14 B .14-C .4D .4-2.下列事件是必然事件的A.抛掷一枚硬币,四次中有两次正面朝上B.打开电视体育频道,正在播放NBA 球赛C.射击运动员射击一次,命中十环D.若a 是有理数,则0a ≥3.我国以2011年11月1日零时为标准记时点,进行了第六次全国人口普查,查得全国总人口约为1 370 000 000人,将总人口用科学记数法表示为A.81.3710⨯ B. 813.710⨯ C.101.3710⨯ D. 91.3710⨯ 4.下列各式中,去括号正确的是A .x +2(y -1)=x +2y -1B .x -2(y -1)=x -2y +2C .x -2(y -1)=x -2y -2D .x -2(y -1)=x +2y +25.如图,M 是线段AB 的中点,点N 在线段AB 上,若AB =10,NB =2,那么线段MN 的长为A .5B .4C .3D .2M A N B6.下列各组数中,值相等的是A. 32与23B. 32-与3)2(- C. 2)3(-与)3(2- D. 2×32与(2×3)2 7.右图是四个相同的小正方体组成的几何体,其俯视图为8.M 地是海上观测站,从M 发现两艘船A 、B 的方位如图所示,下列说法中,正确的是A .船A 在M 的南偏东30°方向B .船A 在M 的南偏西30°方向C .船B 在M 的北偏东40°方向D .船B 在M 的北偏东50°方向 9.化简)23(4)32(5x x ---之后的结果是A .8x -15B .2x -27C .18x -27D .12x -1510.某商场销售的一件衣服标价为600元,商场在开展促销活动中,该件衣服按8折销售仍可获利20元.设这件衣服的进价为x 元,根据题意,下面所列方程正确的是 A .600820x ⨯-= B .6000.820x ⨯-= C .600820x ⨯=-D .6000.820x ⨯=-11.有理数a b ,在数轴上的位置如图所示,则下列结论中,错误..的是 A .b a <<0B .b a >C .b a >-D .b a a b +<-12.如图1表示一个无盖的正方体纸盒,它的下底面标有字母“M”,沿图中的粗线将其剪开展成平面图形,这个平面展开图是A .B .C .D .BA南西东北30ºM50º MMM图1A .B .C .D .第Ⅱ卷(非选择题,共84分)二、填空题(本大题共8小题,每小题3分,共24分,把答案填写在题中横线上)13.32的相反数是________. 14.按下面程序计算:输入x =3,则输出的答案是_________.15.若2x =是关于x 的方程2310x m +-=的解,则m 的值为 . 16.掷一枚各面分别标有1、2、3、4、5、6点的均匀的骰子, 出现偶数 点朝上的可能性 出现大于4点的可能性.(填“<”或“>”或“=”) 17.24)433281(⨯-+=______________.18.如图,O 是直线AB 上一点,OD 平分∠BOC ,∠COE=90°,若∠AOC =40°,则∠DOE 为_________度. 19.某种细菌在培养过程中,每半小时分裂1次,每次一分为二.若这种细菌由1个分裂到16个,那么这个过程要经过__________小时. 20.观察按下列顺序排列的等式:13419=+⨯,23529=+⨯,33639=+⨯,43749=+⨯,……猜想:第n 个等式(n 为正整数)应表示为 . 三、解答题(本大题共8小题,共60分,解答应写出文字说明和运算步骤)21.(本题共17分)计算与化简求值: (1))20(23)6(17--+-+- (2))81()165(5.2-⨯-÷-(3)⎪⎭⎫ ⎝⎛-⨯--÷-+-325.03)21()1(3220102O(4)先化简,再求值:)45()2(32222ab b a ab b a ---,其中2=a ,1-=b .22.(本题共10分)解下列方程:(1)x x x -=-+7)52(34.(2)解方程:12271243xx -=-+. 23.(本小题6分)如图,点B 为射线OA 上一点. 按下列要求画图并测量 ①在OA 的上方,画∠AOC =120°,画BD ⊥OA 于B ;②画出∠AOC 的平分线OE ,交射线BD 于点P .测得点P 到OA 的距离为_______cm (误差不超过1毫米).ABO请用铅笔画图,并保持卷面清晰24.(本小题8分)小学毕业时,六年级某班为纪念师生情谊,班委决定花800元班会费买两种不同单价的留念册,分别给50位同学和10位任课老师每人一本留做纪念。
其中送给任课老师的留念册的单价比给同学的单价多8元。
请问这两种不同留念册的单价分别为多少元?25.(本小题9分)在结束了380课时初中阶段数学内容的教学后,唐老师计划安排60课时用于总复习,根据数学内容所占课时比例,绘制如下统计图表(图1~图3),请根据图表提供的信息,回答下列问题:(1)图1中“统计与概率”所在扇形的圆心角为 度; (2)图2、3中的a = ,b = ;(3)若根据新授内容课时比例分配复习课时,在60课时的总复习中,唐老师应安排多少课时复习“数与代数”内容?图1 45%5%实践与综合应用统计与概率数与代数 空间与图形 40%67a44数与式函数数与代数(内容)图2课时数方程(组)与不等式(组)图3方程(组) 与不等式(组)课时数26.(本小题10分)如图,已知点A 、B 、C 是数轴上三点,点C 表示的数为6,BC =4,AB =12. (1)写出数轴上点A 、B 表示的数;(2)动点P 、Q 同时从A 、C 出发,点P 以每秒6个单位长度的速度沿数轴向右匀速运动,点Q 以3个单位长度的速度沿数向左匀速运动,M 为A 的P 中点, N 在线段CQ 上,且CQ CN 31,设运动时间为t (t >0)秒. ①求数轴上点M 、N 表示的数(用含t 的式子表示); ②t 为何值时,原点O 恰为线段PQ 的中点.解:(1)数轴上点A 表示的数是 ,点B 表示的数是 ;(2)①②BAO 0C七年级期末试题参考答案一、选择题:A D D B C B A C C B D A 二、填空题:13. 23-14.12 15.-1 16. > 17. 1 18. 20 19. 2 20. 9n+(n+3)=10n+3 三、解答题: 21.解:(1))20(23)6(17--+-+-=2023617++-- ································································································ 1分 =4323+- ············································································································ 3分 =20 ····················································································································· 4分 (2))81()165(5.2-⨯-÷- =)815165.2(⨯⨯-··································································································· 2分 =1- ····················································································································· 4分 (3)⎪⎭⎫ ⎝⎛-⨯--÷-+-325.03)21()1(3220102=⎪⎭⎫ ⎝⎛-⨯-÷+-322134119 =613419⨯+⨯+- ······························································································ 3分=92- ················································································································· 4分(4))45()2(32222ab b a ab b a ---=b a 2623ab -b a 25-24ab + ········································································ 2分 =22ab b a +. ···································································································· 3分当2=a ,1-=b 时,原式=22)1(2)1(2-⨯+-⨯=-2. ······································································ 5分22.(1)解:去括号,得 x x x -=-+71564. ························································· 1分移项,得 15764+=++x x x . ····································································· 2分 合并同类项,得 2211=x . ············································································ 3分 系数化为1,得 2=x . ·················································································· 5分 (2)解:去分母(方程两边同乘以12),得 )27(12)43(6x x -=-+. ················································································· 1分去括号,得x x 27122418-=-+. ································································ 2分 移项,得 12247218+-=+x x . ································································ 3分 合并同类项,得 520-=x . ·········································································· 4分 系数化为1,得 41-=x . ············································································ 5分 23.解:画∠AOC =120°,BD ⊥OA ,直角符号(各1画∠AOC 的平分线OE ,交射线BD 于点P ;······································································· 4分 量得OP =3cm . ··············································· 6分24.解:设送给任课老师的留念册的单价为x 元,……..1根据题意,得: 10x+50(x-8)=800 解得:x=20 ∴x-8=12答:送给任课老师的留念册的单价为2025.解:(1)36;(2)60;14 (3)解:依题意,得45%6027⨯=答:唐老师应安排27课时复习“数与代数”内容…………………………9分. 26.解:(1)-10, 2; ························································································ 2分(2)①依题意,AP =6t ,CQ =3t ,∵M 为AP 中点,∴t AP AM 321==.…………………………………………………………….3分 ∴在数轴上点M 表示的数为t 310+-. ··························································· 4分QA OBMP N C∵点N 在CQ 上,CQ CN 31=,∴t CN =.…………………………………………………………..5分 ∴在数轴上点N 表示的数为t -6. ·························································· 6分 ②依题意,得AP =6t ,CQ =3t .则点P 表示的数为106t -+,……………………………………………….7分 点Q 表示的数为t 36-………………………………………………………8分 ∵O 为PQ 的中点,∴t 610-+t 36-=0.……………………………………………………….9分 解得34=t .∴当34=t 秒时,O 为PQ 的中点. ······································ 10分QAO P C。