导数的概念与计算练习题带答案公司内部编号:(GOOD-TMMT-MMUT-UUPTY-UUYY-DTTI-导数概念与计算1.若函数42()f x ax bx c =++,满足'(1)2f =,则'(1)f -=( ) A .1-B .2-C .2D .02.已知点P 在曲线4()f x x x =-上,曲线在点P 处的切线平行于直线30x y -=,则点P 的坐标为( )A .(0,0)B .(1,1)C .(0,1)D .(1,0)3.已知()ln f x x x =,若0'()2f x =,则0x =( ) A .2eB .eC .ln 22D .ln 24.曲线x y e =在点(0,1)A 处的切线斜率为( ) A .1B .2C .eD .1e5.设0()sin f x x =,10()'()f x f x =,21()'()f x f x =,…,1()'()n n f x f x +=,n N ∈,则2013()f x =等于( ) A .sin xB .sin x -C .cos xD .cos x -6.已知函数()f x 的导函数为'()f x ,且满足()2'(1)ln f x xf x =+,则'(1)f =( ) A .e -B .1-C .1D .e7.曲线ln y x =在与x 轴交点的切线方程为________________.8.过原点作曲线x y e =的切线,则切点的坐标为________,切线的斜率为____________.9.求下列函数的导数,并尽量把导数变形为因式的积或商的形式: (1)1()2ln f x ax x x=--(2)2()1xe f x ax =+(3)21()ln(1)2f x x ax x =--+ (4)cos sin y x x x =-(5)1cos xy xe-=(6)11x x e y e +=-10.已知函数()ln(1)f x x x =+-. (Ⅰ)求()f x 的单调区间;(Ⅱ)求证:当1x >-时,11ln(1)1x x x -≤+≤+.11.设函数()b f x ax x=-,曲线()y f x =在点(2,(2))f 处的切线方程为74120x y --=.(Ⅰ)求()f x 的解析式;(Ⅱ)证明:曲线()y f x =上任一点处的切线与直线0x =和直线y x =所围成的三角形面积为定值,并求此定值. 12.设函数2()x x f x x e xe =+-. (Ⅰ)求()f x 的单调区间;(Ⅱ)若当[2,2]x ∈-时,不等式()f x m >恒成立,求实数m 的取值范围.导数作业1答案——导数概念与计算1.若函数42()f x ax bx c =++,满足'(1)2f =,则'(1)f -=( ) A .1- B .2- C .2 D .0选B .2.已知点P 在曲线4()f x x x =-上,曲线在点P 处的切线平行于直线30x y -=,则点P 的坐标为( )A .(0,0)B .(1,1)C .(0,1)D .(1,0)解:由题意知,函数f (x )=x 4-x 在点P 处的切线的斜率等于3,即f ′(x 0)=4x 30-1=3,∴x 0=1,将其代入f (x )中可得P (1,0). 选D .3.已知()ln f x x x =,若0'()2f x =,则0x =( ) A .2eB .eC .ln 22D .ln 2解:f (x )的定义域为(0,+∞),f ′(x )=ln x +1,由f ′(x 0)=2,即ln x 0+1=2,解得x 0=e. 选B .4.曲线x y e =在点(0,1)A 处的切线斜率为( ) A .1B .2C .eD .1e解:∵y ′=e x ,故所求切线斜率k =e x |x =0=e 0=1. 选A .5.设0()sin f x x =,10()'()f x f x =,21()'()f x f x =,…,1()'()n n f x f x +=,n N ∈,则2013()f x =等于( ) A .sin xB .sin x -C .cos xD .cos x -解:∵f 0(x )=sin x ,f 1(x )=cos x ,f 2(x )=-sin x ,f 3(x )=-cos x ,f 4(x )=sin x ,…∴f n (x )=f n +4(x ),故f 2 012(x )=f 0(x )=sin x , ∴f 2 013(x )=f ′2 012(x )=cos x .选C .6.已知函数()f x 的导函数为'()f x ,且满足()2'(1)ln f x xf x =+,则'(1)f =( ) A .e -B .1-C .1D .e解:由f (x )=2xf ′(1)+ln x ,得f ′(x )=2f ′(1)+1x,∴f ′(1)=2f ′(1)+1,则f ′(1)=-1. 选B .7.曲线ln y x =在与x 轴交点的切线方程为________________.解:由y =ln x 得,y ′=1x,∴y ′|x =1=1,∴曲线y =ln x 在与x 轴交点(1,0)处的切线方程为y =x -1,即x -y -1=0.8.过原点作曲线x y e =的切线,则切点的坐标为________,切线的斜率为____________.解:y ′=e x ,设切点的坐标为(x 0,y 0)则y 0x 0=e x 0,即e x 0x 0=e x 0,∴x 0=1.因此切点的坐标为(1,e ),切线的斜率为e.9.求下列函数的导数,并尽量把导数变形为因式的积或商的形式: (1)1()2ln f x ax x x=--(2)2()1xe f x ax =+(3)21()ln(1)2f x x ax x =--+(4)cos sin y x x x =- ∵y =x cos x -sin x ,∴y ′=cos x -x sin x -cos x =-x sin x . (5)1cos x y xe -= ∵y =x e 1-cos x ,∴y ′=e 1-cos x +x e 1-cos x (sin x )=(1+x sin x )e 1-cos x .(6)11x x e y e +=-y =e x +1e x -1=1+2e x -1∴y ′=-2e x (e x -1)2=-2e x (e x -1)2.10.已知函数()ln(1)f x x x =+-. (Ⅰ)求()f x 的单调区间;(Ⅱ)求证:当1x >-时,11ln(1)1x x x -≤+≤+.解:(1)函数f (x )的定义域为(-1,+∞). f ′(x )=1x +1-1=-x x +1f ′(x )与f (x )随x 变化情况如下:x (-1,0) 0(0,+∞) f ′(x )+ 0 -f (x )因此f (x (2)证明 由(1) 知f (x )≤f (0). 即ln (x +1)≤x设h (x )=ln (x +1)+1x +1-1h ′(x )=1x +1-1x +12=x x +12可判断出h (x )在(-1,0)上递减,在(0,+∞)上递增. 因此h (x )≥h (0)即ln (x +1)≥1-1x +1.所以当x >-1时1-1x +1≤ln(x +1)≤x .11.设函数()b f x ax x=-,曲线()y f x =在点(2,(2))f 处的切线方程为74120x y --=.(Ⅰ)求()f x 的解析式;(Ⅱ)证明:曲线()y f x =上任一点处的切线与直线0x =和直线y x =所围成的三角形面积为定值,并求此定值.(1)解 方程7x -4y -12=0可化为y =74x -3,当x =2时,y =12.又f ′(x )=a +bx2,于是⎩⎨⎧2a -b 2=12,a +b 4=74,解得⎩⎨⎧a =1,b =3.故f (x )=x -3x.(2)证明 设P (x 0,y 0)为曲线上任一点,由f ′(x )=1+3x 2知,曲线在点P (x 0,y 0)处的切线方程为y -y 0=⎝⎛⎭⎪⎫1+3x 20(x -x 0),即y -⎝ ⎛⎭⎪⎫x 0-3x 0=⎝⎛⎭⎪⎫1+3x 20(x -x 0). 令x =0得,y =-6x 0,从而得切线与直线x =0交点坐标为⎝⎛⎭⎪⎫0,-6x 0.令y =x ,得y =x =2x 0,从而得切线与直线y =x 的交点坐标为(2x 0,2x 0). 所以点P (x 0,y 0)处的切线与直线x =0,y =x 所围成的三角形面积为12⎪⎪⎪⎪⎪⎪-6x 0|2x 0|=6.故曲线y =f (x )上任一点处的切线与直线x =0和直线y =x 所围成的三角形面积为定值,此定值为6. 12.设函数2()x x f x x e xe =+-. (Ⅰ)求()f x 的单调区间;(Ⅱ)若当[2,2]x ∈-时,不等式()f x m >恒成立,求实数m 的取值范围. 解 (1)函数f (x )的定义域为(- ∞,+∞),f ′(x )=2x +e x -(e x +x e x )=x (2-e x ),(0,ln 2)(,0)-∞(ln 2,)+∞(2)由(1)可知因为,(0)1f =(2)4241f e e e =+-=-<所以,2min ()(2)4f x f e ==- 故24m e <-.。