__________________________________________________________________________________________ 【第一换元法例题】1、9999(57)(57)(5711(57)(57)55)(57)dx d x d x dx x x x x +=+⋅=+⋅=+⋅++⎰⎰⎰⎰ 110091(57)(57)(57)10111(57)5550d C x x x x C =⋅=⋅+=+++++⎰ 【注】1(57)'5,(57)5,(57)5x d x dx dx d x +=+==+⇒⇒2、1ln ln ln ln dx d x x x dx x x x =⋅=⋅⎰⎰⎰221(l 1ln ln (ln )2n )2x x x d C x C =⋅=+=+⎰【注】111(ln )',(ln ),(ln )x d x dx dx d x x x x===⇒⇒3（1）sin tan cos co si s cos cos n cos cos xdx d x xdx dx x d x x x xx --====⎰⎰⎰⎰⎰cos ln |cos |c ln |co s |o s xx d C x C x=-=-+=-+⎰【注】(cos )'sin ,(cos )sin ,sin (cos )x x d x xdx xdx d x =-=-=-⇒⇒ 3（2）cos cos cot sin sin sin sin xdx x xdx dx d xx x x ===⎰⎰⎰⎰sin ln |si ln |sin |n |sin xx d C x C x==+=+⎰【注】(sin )'cos ,(sin )cos ,cos (sin )x x d x xdx xdx d x ==⇒=⇒ 4（1）1()11d dx a x a x a d x x a x =⋅=⋅++++⎰⎰⎰ ln |1(|)ln ||d C a x a x a x a xC ++=⋅=+=+++⎰【注】()'1,(),()a x d a x dx dx d a x +=+==+⇒⇒ 4（2）1()11d dx x a x x x d a a x a =⋅=⋅----⎰⎰⎰ ln |1(|)ln ||d C x a x a x a x aC --=⋅=+=--+⎰【注】()'1,(),()x a d x a dx dx d x a -=-==-⇒⇒4（3）22221111111212x a a x a dx dx x a x a dx dx a a a x dx x ⎛⎫- ⎪--+⎝⎛⎫=-+⎭==- ⎪-⎝⎭⎰⎰⎰⎰⎰()11ln ||ln ||ln22x ax a x a C C a a x a-=--++=++5（2）222sec cos c os cos 1sin xdx dx dx x x x x====-⎰⎰⎰⎰⎰ 2sin si 1111sin 111sin ln ln 1n sin 2112sin 121s sin sin in d x x x x x xd C C x xx --⎛⎫==-⋅=+=+ ⎪--+++⎝⎭⎰⎰ 6（1）2csc ()csc cot csc csc cot csc cot csc csc cot x x x x xdx x x x xdx dx x x+==⋅+++⎰⎰⎰ ()()ln |csc cot |csc c cot csc csc cot csc o ot t c d d x x x x x xx x C x x --+=-==+-+++⎰⎰6（2）2csc ()csc cot csc csc cot csc cot csc csc cot x x x x xdx x x x xdx dx x x==⋅----⎰⎰⎰ ()(cot csc csc co )ln |csc t csc co cot |c t sc cot d x x x x d x x xx x C x -+-=---==+⎰⎰7（1）arcsin x C ==+7（2）arcsind xC ax d x =====+⎛⎫ ⎪⎛⎫ ⎪ 8（1）221arctan 11dx dx x C x x ==+++⎰⎰8（2）222222221111arctan 111d dx x dx C a x a x a a ax x x d dx x a x a a a a a a ⎛⎫⎛⎫⎪=====+++⎡⎤⎛⎫⎛⎫++⎝⎭⎛⎫ ⎪+⎢⎥⎪ ⎪⎝⎭⎝⎭⎢⎥⎣⎦⎝⎭⎪⎝⎭⎰⎰⎰⎰⎰，（0a >）9（1）352525s sin cos sin cos sin i c s o c n o s xd x xdx x x x x x d x =⋅-⋅=⎰⎰⎰862575cos cos (1cos )cos cos (cos cos )cos 86x xx x d x x x d x C =--⋅⋅=-⋅=-+⎰⎰9（2）353434c sin cos sin cos sin cos os sin x x xdx x x x dxd x x =⋅=⋅⎰⎰⎰468322357sin sin sin sin (1sin )sin (sin 2sin sin )sin 438x x xx x d x x x x d x C =-⋅=-+⋅=-++⎰⎰10（1）1ln 111l l n ln ln l ln n n ln dx d x C x x x x dx d x x x x =⋅=⋅=⋅=+⋅⎰⎰⎰⎰ 10（2）222211111ln ln ln ln ln n ln l dx d C x x x x d x xx x d x x ⋅=⋅=⋅=⋅=-+⎰⎰⎰⎰11（1）242424222222()arctan(21)222)121122(xdx d x C x x x x x x x x dx x dx ====+++++++++++⎰⎰⎰⎰ 11（2）2242422422121()2521112252524()xdx d x xdx d x x x x x x x x +===++++++++⎰⎰⎰⎰2222222121(1)111arctan()8442111122x d d x x C x x ⎛⎫+ ⎪++⎝⎭===+⎛⎫⎛⎫++++ ⎪ ⎪⎝⎭⎝⎭⎰⎰ 12、s 22dx dx dx =⋅=⋅=⎰⎰⎰2C C ==-=-⎰13、222211222122xx xx e dx e d x d e x C e ===+⎰⎰⎰14、 43333co sin sin cos sin sin s sin i 4sin s n xx xdx x x d C dx x x x d x =⋅=⋅=⋅=+⎰⎰⎰⎰15、100(25)x dx +⎰10010010011(25)(25)2(25)(25)(25)2dx d x x x x d x =+⋅=+++⋅+⋅=⎰⎰⎰ 1001100111(25)(25)(25)101111(25)22202x x x d C x C =⋅=⋅+=+++++⎰16、2222222111sin sin s 2in sin cos 22x x x x x dx x xdx dx x d C =⋅=⋅=⋅=-+⎰⎰⎰⎰ 17、ln 1ln dx d d x x x ===3122ln ln (1ln )(1ln )2(1ln )2(1ln )3d x d xd x d x x x C =-=+-+=+-++18、arctan arctan arctan arc arct 2tan 2an arcta 11arct 1n an x xx x x e dx e e e d e C x dx d x xx +=⋅=⋅=⋅=++⎰⎰⎰⎰ 19、22(1)x d xd dx x ===--2(1)d x C -=-=20、si n cos x dx d x =-=3221coscos 2cosx C x d x --=-=+⎰21、111()ln(22222)2x x x xx x x x x e dx d e e dx d e C e e e ee =⋅=⋅==+++++++⎰⎰⎰⎰22、23222ln ln ln l 1ln ln ln n 3x x dx x x x x d C x dx d x x =⋅=⋅=⋅=+⎰⎰⎰⎰ 23、C ====+24、2221()177(112()())()2224224d x dx x x x x d x dx -===-+-+-+-⎰⎰⎰1()1d x C C x -==-+=⎰ 25、计算⎰，22a b ≠【分析】因为：22222222(sin cos )'2sin cos 2cos (sin )2()sin cos a x b x a x x b x x a b x x +=+-=- 所以：222222(sin cos )2()sin cos d a x b x a b x xdx +=- 2222221sin cos (sin cos )2()x xdx d a x b x a b =⋅+-【解答】2222221a b ==-2222221C a b ==-【不定积分的第二类换元法】 已知()()f t dt F t C =+⎰求()(())()(())'()g x dx g t d t g t t dt ϕϕϕϕ==⎰⎰⎰【做变换，令()x t ϕ=，再求微分】 ()()f t dt F t C ==+⎰ 【求积分】1(())F x C ϕ-=+ 【变量还原，1()t x ϕ-=】__________________________________________________________________________________________ 【第二换元法例题】1、22sin sin sin 2si 2n t x t t t tdt t t dt tdt =⋅=⋅=⎰⎰⎰⎰2cos t t C C =-+-+变量还原2（1）22111122111211t x t dt td t dt dt t t t t t =⎛⎫⋅=⋅==- ⎪++++⎝⎭⎰⎰⎰⎰⎰())2ln |1|2ln |1|t t t C C =-++-++变量还原2（2）22(1)(11)2(1)1111221t x t d t dt dt t t t t dt t t =--⎛⎫⋅=⋅==- ⎪⎝⎭--⎰⎰⎰⎰⎰令()()12ln ||21ln |1|t t t C C ==-++++变量还原3、343324332(1)111(1)(1)4(1)3tx t dx t t t d t t t dt =-⋅=--⋅⋅⋅-⎰ 746312()1274t t t t dt C ⎛⎫=-=-+ ⎪⎝⎭⎰1274t C -+⎝=⎭变量还原4、222221112(1)(1)12t x t dt td dt t t t t t t =⋅====⋅=+++⎰⎰⎰2arctan t t C C =+变量还原5、ln 111111111(1)11ln xx e t x t dx dt dt e t t t t t t t t t d d =========⎛⎫⋅=⋅==- ⎪+++++⎝⎭=⎰⎰⎰⎰⎰令 ln ||ln |1|lnln 11x xxt e t e t t C C C t e ========-++=+++=+变量还原6、6223236522111661(1)(61)11t x t t dt dt t t t t t dt t t d t =⎛⎫⋅=⋅==- ⎪++++==⎝⎭⎰⎰⎰⎰6(arctan )t t t C C +=-+变量还原【注】被积函数中出现了两个根式t =，其中k 为,m n 的最小公倍数。