数理方程方法汇总
1.0=+y x bu au
(1)行波法 设)(ξf u = (y kx +=ξ) 代入方程得0)()(''=+ξξbf akf 0=+b ak 故通解为)(y x a
b
f u +-
= (2)特征线法 特征方程为0'=-b ay 特征线为C ay bx =- 故通解为)(ay bx f u -= (3)微分算子法
方程记为 0)(=+u bD aD y x 故通解为)(ay bx f u -=
2.0=++cu bu au y x 通解为 )(ξf e
u mx
= ()y kx +=ξ
3.0=++yy xy xx cu bu au
通解为 )()(21y x k g y x k f u +++= 4.0=+++++nu eu du cu bu au y x yy xy xx
微分算子法 0)(2
2=+++++u n eD dD cD D bD aD y x y y x x 试探函数法
5.⎪⎩⎪⎨⎧=+=++===xy
u xy x u u u u a u t t t zz yy xx tt 03
02
|,|)(
设3
23Bt xyt At xy x u ++++=
代入方程得 )6(623
2
2
Bt At x a Bt A ∇+∇+=+
令⎩⎨⎧==∇2
620xa A A ⎩⎨
⎧==∇0
60
B B
6.⎪⎩⎪⎨⎧-=+++==2
302
|6)(yz
x u y u u u a u t zz yy xx t
设Bt Ayt yz x u ++-=23
代入方程得 y B A y t y x a B Ay 6)26(2+∇+∇+-=+ 令⎩⎨
⎧==∇60
A A
⎩⎨⎧-==∇2
)26(0
a
y x B B 7.⎩⎨⎧=====x
w u x w u u a u t t t xx tt 20102sin |,sin |
设x w t aw B x w t aw u 2211sin sin sin cos +=
8.⎩⎨⎧=====x
w u x w u u a u t t t xx tt 20102cos |,cos |
设x w t aw B x w t aw u 2211cos sin cos cos +=
9.⎪⎩⎪
⎨⎧==∂∂+∂∂+∂∂=θ
θn aR u r r m
R r u
r u r u cos |01122222
设θn Ar u n
cos = n
m aR A -=
分离变量法
10.⎪⎩
⎪
⎨⎧====)()0,(0),(),0(2x x u t l u t u u a u xx t φ 设解为 )()(),(t T x X t x u =
得⎪⎩
⎪⎨⎧===+=+0)()0(00'
'2'l X X X X T a T λλ
⎪⎪⎩
⎪⎪⎨
⎧==x l n X l
n n n ππλs i n )(2 x l
n e
A t x u l
n a
n ππsin
),(2
)(1
-∞
∑=
⎰=l x n xd l
n x l A 0sin )(2πφ
11.⎪⎩
⎪
⎨⎧====)()0,(0),(),0(2x x u t l u t u u a u x x xx
t φ
设解为 )()(),(t T x X t x u =
得⎪⎩
⎪
⎨⎧===+=+0)()0(00''''2'l X X X X T a T λλ
⎪⎪⎩
⎪⎪⎨
⎧==x l n X l
n n n ππλcos )(2 x l
n e
A t x u l
n a
n ππc o s ),(2
)(1
-∞
∑=
⎰=
l x n xd l
n x l A 0cos )(2πφ 12..⎪⎪⎪⎩
⎪
⎪⎪⎨⎧
=∂∂
=====)(|),()0,(0),(),0(02x x x u t l u t u u a u t t u xx tt ψφ
设解为 )()(),(t T x X t x u =
得⎪⎩
⎪⎨⎧===+=+0)()0(00
'
'2''l X X X X T a T λλ
⎪⎪
⎪
⎩
⎪
⎪
⎪⎨⎧+===l at n b l at n a T x l n X l
n n n n
n
n
ππππλsin cos sin )(2 x l
n l at n b l at n a
t x u n n π
ππsin )sin cos
(),(1
+=
∑∞
⎰=
l x n xd l n x l a 0sin )(2π
φ x l n xd l
n x a n b ⎰=
0sin )(2π
ψπ 13.)()]([1'x J x x J x n n n n -=
)()]([1'
x J x x J x n n
n n
+--=
)(2)()(11x J x
n
x J x J n n n =
++- )(2)()('
11x J x J x J n n n =-+-
14.例题 (1)x x d x J x x d x J '
2223)]([)(-⎰
⎰-=
2)()]([22
222x d x J x x J x x ⎰
--+-=
x d x J x x J )(2)(21
2⎰
-+-=
c x J x J +--=)(2)(12
(2)x x d x xJ x
d x J x '12
03
)]([)(⎰⎰=
2)()]([112
x d x J x x xJ x ⎰
-=
c x J x x J x +-=)(2)(2213 (3)
α
α=x
x J d d )(0α
α=x
x J d d )(0)(1)(0t J d d t
t J α-=)(1x J αα-=
15.0)(2
2
2
'
'
'2
=-++y n x xy y x α的通解为)()(x DN x CJ y n n αα+=
16.12
0)1(sin
+-=⎰n x l n l d l x n x π
π ]1)1[()
(cos 220
--=⎰n
x l
n l d l x n x ππ ])1(1[sin 0n
x l n l d l x n --=⎰π
π ])1(1[)(2sin )(330n
x l
n l d l x n x l x --=-⎰ππ
⎪⎩⎪
⎨⎧=⎰2
0sin 2sin 0l d l x n l x x l ππ )2()
2(=≠n n ⎪⎩⎪
⎨⎧=⎰2
0cos 2cos 0
l d l x n l x x l
ππ )2()
2(=≠n n )4(]
1)1[(32sin sin 82
21
02
---=⎰n n d nx x n x π。