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英文合同阅读指南

编号:_____________英文合同阅读指南

甲方:________________________________________________

乙方:___________________________

签订日期:_______年______月______日

英文合同解读技巧

第一章英文合同概述(General Introduction)

In view of all this,we are making a binding agreement,putting it in writing,and our leaders,our Levites and our priests are affixing their seals to it.(Nehemiah BIBLE NIV)因这一切的事,我们立确实的约,写在册上。我们的首领,利未人,和祭司都签了名。【尼西米】《圣经》新国际版合同,古称契约(港台现仍多用此语),?契?者即证券,证明买卖、抵押、租赁等关系的文书,如契据、房契等。古代典籍中常见此语,《易?系辞》就有?后时圣人易之以书契。??约?者即共同商定的事,共同议定要遵守的条文,如和约、条约等。《三国演义》中就有?昔高祖约法三章,黎民皆感其德。?

而西方在早在〈〈圣经〉〉中就有关于上帝在西乃山与以色列人立约的记载。挪亚方舟就是籍着上帝与挪亚的契约而建造的:But with thee will I establish my covenant;and thou shalt come into the ark,thou,and thy sons,and thy wife,and thy sons'wives with thee.(但我要与你立约,你以及你的儿子、妻子和儿媳,要与你一同进入方舟。)

第一节合同与协议(Contract and Agreement)

而在现代英语合同中,合同一般称为Contract,协议一般称为Agreement。那么Contract和Agreement是一回事吗?他们之间又有什么关系呢?《中华人民共和国民法通则》第85条规定:?合同是当事人之间设立、变更、终止民事关系的协议?(A contract shall be an agreement whereby the parties establish,change or terminate their civil relationship)。《中华人民共和国合同法》第二条规定:?合同是平等主体的自然人、法人、其他组织之间设立、

变更、终止民事权利义务关系的协议?(Contracts referred to in this Law are agreements between equal natural persons,legal persons and other organizations for the purpose of establishing,altering and terminating mutual civil rights and obligations)。

美国法律整编合同法第二次汇编定义合同为:?合同乃为一个允诺或一组允诺。违反此一允诺时,法律给予救济;或其允诺之履行,法律在某些情况下视之为一项义务。?(A contract is a promise,or a set of promises,for breach of which the law gives a remedy,or the performance of which the law in some way recognizes as a duty.)(Restatement,Second,Contracts,Section 1)这一定义在Steven H.Gifts 编著的Law Dictionary被完全引述.但一般而言,Contract,乃两个以上当事人间具有法律约束力之协议,或由一个以上当事人所为一组具有法律约束力之允诺。(A contract is a legally binding agreement between two or more parties or a set of legal binding promises made by one party or more.(G.C.Lindsay,Contract,3rd ed.1992)这一表述在*****.Curzon 编撰的Dictionary of Law中概括为?A legally binding agreement creating enforceable obligations.?Chris Turner在其编撰的Contract Law中定义的更为具体明了?A contract is an agreement between two parties by which both are bound in law and which can therefore be enforced in a court or other equivalent forum.?即合同就是对合同方具有法律上约束力,可由法院或其他同等管辖地强制执行的协议。

而在Black’s Law Dictionary(Eighth Edition)对contract 的定义多达8项:1.An agreement two or more parties creating obligations that are

经销商授权协议合同书(中英文对照)

授权经销商协议 (中英文对照) 编 辑 前 可 删 除 此 页 合同特点:简单明了条款轮廓清晰(花费了太多时间) 收取一点点费用请不要介意

授权经销商协议 Authorized Dealer Agreement 甲方:Party A: 乙方:Party B: 甲、乙双方经友好协商,本着平等、自愿、诚实、互惠互利的原则,就合作事宜达成如下协议: Through friendly negotiations, based on the principle of equality, voluntary, honest and mutual benefit, Party A and Party B made and entered into the following agreement on: 1.委任 Appointment 甲方授权乙方作为甲方产品中国地区的唯一授权经销商。 Party A authorizes Party B as the only authorized dealers of Part A’s product in China. 所涉及的: Involves: 2.有效期 Validity 本协议自双方签字盖章之日起生效,有效期至年月 日止。 This Agreement shall become effective as of the date of signature and seal by both parties. Valid until . 当本协议期满,如双方同意续约,应在本协议有效期满前_______个工作日内签署书面续约协议。 Upon the expiration of this contract, if both parties agree to renewing, shall sign a written renew contract within working days prior to the expiry of this agreement. 3.甲方责任和义务 Party A responsibilities and obligations 基于本协议授予的独家代理权,甲方不得直接或间接地通过乙方以外的渠道向代理区域顾客销售或出口甲方产品第一条所列商品或服务。

英语合同的特点和翻译

英语合同的特点与翻译 一.用词特点与翻译要点 合同英语的用词极其考究,具有特定性1.要求选词专业化(professional), 正式(formal). 准确(accurate). 具体体现在下列方面: 1.may, shall, must, may not (或shall not) 的使用 may旨在约定当事人的权利(可以做什么),shall约定当事人的义务(应当做什么时候),must 用于强制性义务(必须做什么),may not(或shall not)用于禁止性义务(不得做什么)。May not do 在美国一些法律文件可以用shall not, 但绝不能用can not do 或must not,但may do 不能。 2.用语正式(formal) 合同英语有着严肃的风格,如“因为”的短语多用“by virtue of”, 远远多于”due to”一般不用“because of”; ”财务年度末“一般用”at the close of the fiscal year”, 而不用” in the end of the fiscal year”; “在……之前”一般用“prior to”, 而不用”before”; “关于“常用”as regards”, “concerning?或”relating to”, 而不会用”about”; “事实上”用”in effect”, 而不用”in fact”: “开始“用”commencement”, 而不用”start”或”begin”; “停止做”用”cease to do”, 而不用”stop to do”; 何时开会并由某某主持“的表述为:The meeting shall be convened and presided by sb. 其中”召开“不用”hold 或call”, 而用”convene”; “主持?不用”chair”或” be in charge of “而用” preside”; “其他事项”用”miscellaneous”, 而不用” other matters/events”; “理解合同“用”construe a contract”或”comprehend a contract”或”comprehend a contract”, 而不用”understand a contract”; “认为”用“deem”, 用”consider”少,不用”think”或”believe”. 3,用词专业(technical) 合同用词不以大众是否理解和接受为转移,它是合同语言准确表达的保障。如合同出现的”瑕疵”,”救济“,“不可抗力”,“管辖”,“毁损”,“失业”等就可能让非行业人士费解,在英语以上表达分别为defect ,remedy,force马绝热,jurisdiction,damage and/or loss。另外几乎每个合同都少不了hereinafter referred to as, whereas, in witness whereof, for and on behalf of, hereby, 用”compensation”; “不动产转让“用”conveyance”, 而不用”transfer of real estate”; “房屋出租”用”tendency”, 而“财产出租”用”lease of property”; “停止”用”wind up a business”或”cease (名词是cessation)a business”, 而不用”end/stop a business”; “依照合同相关规定“或一般说”pursuant to provisions contained herein”或”as provided herein”等,不说?according to relevant terms and conditions in the contract”。 4,同义词,近义词,相关词的并列使用 英文合同出于严谨和杜绝漏洞的考虑,“made and entered into”, “by and between”, “for and in consideration of”, “covenants and agreements”, “on the terms and subject to the conditions”“terms and conditions””release and discharge” 5, 古英语与外来词的应用(borrowing words) 使用古英语最为突出的是较多使用here, there, where 加后缀in, by after, from等介词构成的词。在法律文件中用这些词,可以避免重复,避免歧义,使行文准确,简洁。常用例词如下:hereafter, hereby, herein, hereof, hereto, hereunder, hereupon, herewith, hereinbefore, hereinafter, thereafter, thereby, therein, thereinafter, thereinbefore, thereon, thereof, thereunder, thereupon, therewith, whereas, whereby, wherein, whereof, whereon, etc. 合同中也会使用一些外来词汇,常用的有拉丁语和法语词汇。如比例税率:用pro rate tax rate 要比proportional tax rate 多;从事慈善性服务的律师:pro bono lawyer, 不经常用lawyer engaged in charitable legal assistance, 委托代理人多用agent ad litem 二,句法特点与翻译要点

英文合同范本汇编

雇佣合同范本 Party A:_____________ Party B:_____________ I. Party A wishes to engage the service of party B___________as______________. The two Parties, in a spirit of friendly cooperation, agree to sign this contract and pledge to fulfill conscientiously all the obligations stipulated in it. II. The period of service will be from the _______day of ________ ,_____to the ________day of ________ . III. The duties of Party B (see attached pages) IV. Party Bs monthly salary will be Yuan RMB (About USD), the pay day is every month_______ .If not a full month, the salary will be will be prorated (days times salary/30). V. Party As Obligations 1.Party A shall introduce to Party B the laws, decrees and relevant regulations enacted by the Chinese government, the Party As work system and regulations concerning administration of foreign teachers. 2. Party A shall conduct direction, supervision and evaluation of Party Bs work. 3. Party A shall Provide Party B with necessary working and living conditions. 4. Party A shall provide co-workers for the first week if necessary. VI. Party Bs obligations 1. Party B shall observe the laws, decrees and relevant regulations enacted by the Chinese government and shall not interfere in Chinas internal politics affairs. 2. Party B shall observe Party As work system and regulations concerning administration of foreign teachers and shall accept Party As agreement, direction, supervision and evaluation in regard to his/her work. Without Party As consent, Party B shall not render service elsewhere or hold concurrently any post unrelated to the work agreed on with Party A. 3. Party B shall complete the tasks agreed on schedule and guarantee the quality of work. 4. Party B shall respect Chinas religious policy, and shall not conduct religious activities incompatible with the status of a teacher. 5. Party B shall respect the Chinese peoples moral standards and customs. V. Revision, Cancellation and Termination of the Contract 1. Both Parties should abide by the contract and should refrain from revising, canceling, or terminating the contract without mutual consent. 2. The contract can be revised, cancelled, or terminated with mutual consent. Before both parties have reached an agreement, the contract should be strictly observed. 3. Party A has the right to cancel the contract with written notice to Party B under the following conditions. (1) Party B does not fulfill the contract or does not fulfill the contract obligations according to the terms stipulated, and has failed to amend after Party A has pointed it out. (2) According to the doctors diagnosis, Party B cannot resume normal work after 30 days sick leave. 4. Party B has the right to cancel the contract with a written notice to party A under the following conditions:

英文小说阅读

Isaac Bashevis Singer 艾萨克·巴什维斯·辛格(Isaac Bashevis Singer,1904-1991)美国作家。出生于沙俄统治下的波兰,祖父与父亲都是犹太教的长老。他从小接受正统犹太教教育,学习希伯来文和意第绪文,熟悉犹太教的经典和宗教仪式以及犹太民族的风俗习惯等,这一切都铸就了他作品的重要特色。由于受到作家和记者的哥哥的影响,他违背父命,走进了华沙犹太人文学界。在哥哥的帮助下,1935年迁居美国纽约。 辛格15岁开始文学创作。迄今为止已创作30余部作品,全都用意第绪文写成,大部分已译成英文。长篇小说《莫斯卡特一家》(195o)、《庄园》(1967)和《农庄》(1969)等主要写在现代文明和排犹主义双重压力下,波兰犹太社会的解体过程,其中《庄园》是这类作品的代表作。另一类小说主要写爱情与宗教问题,主要作品有《撒旦在戈雷》(1955)、《卢布林的魔术师》(196o)、《奴隶》(1962)、《仇敌;一个爱情故事)(1972)和《童爱)(1979)等。其中最著名的是《卢布林的魔术师》,西方评论家说它是辛格最佳的长篇小说。 辛格的短篇小说创作也很突出,至今已发表I0余部短篇小说集,重要的有《傻瓜吉姆佩尔及其他故事》(1957)、《市场街的斯宾诺莎》(1961)、《羽毛的王冠》(1973)、《短篇小说集》(1982)、《意象集》(1985)、《梅休塞拉赫之死及其他故事》(1988)等。此外还有2个剧本、3部回忆录。11部儿童故事集。1978年,由于“他的充满激情的叙事艺术,这种艺术既扎根于波兰犹太人的文化传统,又反映了人类的普遍处境”,辛格获诺贝尔文学奖。 辛格被称为当代最会讲故事的作家。在创作上,他尊重传统,又吸收了意第绪文学中的营养,创造出自己的独特风格。他的小说有不少以性爱为题材,他认为“在爱情和性爱中比在任何其他关系中,人的本性显露得更充分”。但他不耽于色情描写,而重在探索和揭示激情对个人命运的影响。他主张作家创作要起到娱乐读者的作用,让读者得到艺术享受。所以他的故事叙述生动,文笔轻松幽默,作品中丰富的成语和活泼的句法受到评论界的高度赞扬,认为那是任何译文无法传达的。

国际贸易合同样本中英文对照

NO.: DATE: FAX: FAX: This Contract is made by and between the Buyers and the Sellers, whereby the Buyers agree to buy and the Sellers agree to sell the under mentioned commodity according to the terms and conditions stipulated below: 买方与卖方就以下条款达成协议: 1. COMMODITY: 2. COUNTRY AND MANUFACTURERS: 原产国及造商: 3. PACKING: To be packed in standard airway packing. The Sellers shall be liable for any damage of the commodity and expenses incurred on account of improper packing and for any rust attributable to inadequate or improper protective measures taken by the sellers in regard to the packing. 包装:标准空运包装。如果由于不适当的包装 而导致的货物损坏和由此产生的费用,卖方应对此负完全的责任。 4. SHIPPING MARK: The Sellers shall mark on each package with fadeless paint the package number, gross weight, net weight, measurement and the wordings: "KEEP AWAY FROM MOISTURE" "HANDLE WITH CARE" "THIS SIDE UP" etc. and the shipping mark: 唛头:卖方应用不褪色的颜料在每个箱子外部刷上箱号、 毛重、净重、尺寸,并注明“防潮” “小心轻放” 、“此面向上”等,唛头为 : 5. TIME OF SHIPMENT (装运期):within days after receipt of L/C 6. P ORT OF SHIP MEN (装运港): 7. PORT OF DESTINATIO N (目 的港):CONTRACT THE BUYERS: ADDRESS : TEL: THE SELLERS: ADDRESS: TEL: , CHINA

经销商授权协议中-英文版

授权经销商协议 Authorized Dealer Agreement 根据平等互利,双方作出分为以下协议签订,双方应开展业务按照下列条款和条件的签名。 Based on the equality and mutual benefit, both parties made and entered into the following agreement on, both parties should carry out business according to the following terms and conditions upon signature. 1.有关缔约方 The Parties Concerned 甲方: Party A: 地址: Add: 电话: Tel: 传真: Fax: 电子邮箱: E-mail: 乙方: Party B: 地址:

Add: 电话: Tel: 传真: Fax: 电子邮箱: E-mail: 1.定义 Definitions 当本协议中使用的下列术语应具有各自的含义表示,这种意义是适用于这两种定义方面的单数和复数形式: When used in this Agreement, the following terms shall have the respective meanings indicated, such meanings to be applicable to both the singular and plural forms of the terms defined: ?“协议”指本协议附表所附的任何文件,包括参照,因为每个可能不时按 照当本协议的条款作出修订; ?“Agreement” means this agreement, the Schedules attached hereto and any documents included by reference, as each may be amended from time to time in accordance with the terms of this Agreement; ?“配件/附件”是指图标A所述附上的配件,并包括A部分所制造并用于连接货物运作的特殊装置。附件可能被从图表A中被删掉也可能加进去,公司单方面可随时自行更改他们的规格和设计,要向乙方邮寄书面通知。 每个更改,在书面通知发送给分销商的15天后生效。 -“Accessories” means the accessories described in Exhibit A attached hereto, and includes any special devices manufactured by Part A and used in connection with the operation of the Goods. Accessories may be deleted from or added to Exhibit A and their specifications and design may be changed by Company at its sole discretion at any time by mailing written notice of such changes to Part B. Each change shall become effective 15 days following the date notice thereof is sent to Distributor.

英文合同的特点

第一节英文合同的特点 英美律师起草的合同无不深深地刻着英美法系私法原理的烙印,即高度私法自治和遵循先例。所表现出来的突出特点就是大多数英文合同篇幅长、惯用冗长句子和法言法语,但逻辑严密并且规律性很强。 一个大项目的英文合同往往都是鸿篇巨制,篇幅达几百页。英美国家实行判例法,大陆法系实行成文法,成文法相对于判例法的重要区别就是比较稳定,而且合同很多内容法律都有直接规定,双方对于法律已经有规定的部分就无须在合同中作进一步的约定。但英美国家推行判例法,推行高度私法自治,成文法大多仅作为参考,不具有强制适用的性质,因此,合同方在订立合同的过程中享有高度订约自由,合同各方可以就任何问题按照自己的意愿作出自己认为合适的约定。订约自由是一项至高的原则,合同条文、文字所直接反映出来的当事人的意愿,法官不得轻易否决,必须予以最大限度的尊重。由于合同文字是法官解释合同文件、探悉合同当事人意愿的唯一依据,故合同各方都力求使合同结构完整、语义严密明确。为使语义严密明确,他们在合同中进行大量的定义,大量使用限定词、定语从句、状语从句,避免使用省略句,也尽量不使用有可能引起指代不明的代词。因此,对于同一个项目合同,按照英美法草拟的合同篇幅常常比按照大陆法草拟的合同篇幅长很多。 英文合同的另一个重要特点就是其句子冗长。首先,一个长句的逻辑性往往比由几个简单句组成的一个段落的逻辑性更强,说理更为严密,从而最大限度地减小产生歧义的可能性。因此,英美律师在草

拟合同的过程中比较青睐长句,而较少使用简单句。其次,如前所述,英美国家实行判例法。先例相较于大陆法系的成文法,其稳定性程度有所不如。由于各个法官的智识水平有别,先例本身之间就可能存在某些冲突,因此,合同当事人通常会在合同中想尽办法对这些已经有争议的先例进行规避,这就必须在合同中就某些可能产生争议的事项进行明确的表述,如常把一连串意义相关或相近的词放在一起以求全面而无疏漏。因而整个合同的句子显得冗长,但也因此获得整个合同的严谨,不易产生争议。 “法言法语”在英文合同中也体现得比较充分。这些所谓的“法言法语”主要指一些中古英语和外来词汇,比如我们常见的 herein,hereof,whereby,inter alia等。这与英国语言发展历史以及英美推行判例法密切相关。西方文明在很大程度上可以说是法律的发展。希腊和罗马的法律精神通过日耳曼入侵,给英国造成的影响是不可估量的。英国在历史上曾经把语言作为阶级划分和阶级统治的重要手段。法语被视为西欧上层社会的语言,而拉丁文则常常是个人深造的首要选择。再加上法律界人士为了使法律这门职业具有独立性,突出本行业的优越性,也多采用一些特殊的语言,法律界人士普遍认为这些中古英语和外来词的使用可以使法律语言更加高贵、庄重。因此,法律英语词汇在词源上大量收录采用了拉丁语、法语、德语和西班牙语中的法律词汇,如null and void(无效)、ad hoc(特别,临时)、lex situs(物所在地法)、vice versa(反之亦然)、 prima facie (表面的,初步的)和inter alia(除了别的之外,其中包括)。为

英文合同格式

编号:_______________本资料为word版本,可以直接编辑和打印,感谢您的下载 英文合同格式 甲方:___________________ 乙方:___________________ 日期:___________________

NO.11 ZHONGSHAN STREET XIAMEN FUJIAN CHINA SALES CONFIRMATION [打印预览][保存][诅出] 销货合同(Sales Confirmation) 国际货物买卖合同一般金额大,内容繁杂,有效期长,因此许多国家的法律要求采用书面形式。书面合同主要有两种形 式,即正式合同(CONTRACT )和合同确认书(CONFIRMATION ),虽然其繁简不同,但具有同等法律效力,对买卖双方均有约束力。大宗商品或成交额较大的交易,多采用正式合同;而金额不大,批数较多的小土特产品或轻工产品,或者已订立代理、包销等长期协议的交易

多采用合同确认书(亦称简式合同)。 无论采哪种形式,合同抬头应醒目注明SALES CONTRACT 或SALES CONFIRMATION (对销售合同或确认书而言) 等字样。一般来说出口合同的格式都是由我方(出口公司)事先印制好的,因此有时在SALES CONFIRMATION 之前加上 出口公司名称或是公司的标志等(我外贸公司进口时也习惯由我方印制进口合同)。交易成立后,寄交买方签署 (countersign ),作为交易成立的书面凭据。 在SimTrade 中,买卖双方都可以起草合同,填写时只需将名称、地址等内容作相应变化既可。如合同由买方起草时,上方空白栏则填入进口商公司名称及地址,以此类推。 报表上方两行空白栏 为出口商公司抬头,须分别填写出口商的英文名称及地址。 如:GRAND WESTERN FOODS CORP. Room2501, Jiafa Mansion, Beijing West road, Nanjing 210005, P. R. China Messrs 详细填列交易对象(即进口商)的名称及地址。 在SimTrade 中,进口商的详细资料请在淘金网”的公司库里查询。 如:Dynasty Furniture Manufacturing Ltd. 3344-54th Avenue S. E. Calgary, Alberta T2C OAS Canada No. 销货合同编号,由卖方自行编设,以便存储归档管理之用。 在SimTrade 中,该编号已由卖方在起草合同时填入,单据中不能再更改。 Date 填写销货合同制作日期。 如:2005年2月18日,可以有以下几种日期格式填法: 1.2005-02-18 或02-18-2005 2. 2005/02/18 或02/18/2005 3. 050218 (信用证电文上的日期格式) 4. February 18, 2005 或Feb 18, 2005 Product No. 填写货号,销货合同上应记明各种货物编号,以求联系沟通方便。 在SimTrade 中,货号必须选择淘金网”的产品展示”里已有的商品编号。 Description 品名条款。此栏应详细填明各项商品的英文名称及规格,这是买卖双方进行交易的物质基础和前提。对商品的具体描述说明是合同的主要条款之一,如果卖方交付的货物不符合合同规定的品名或说明,买方有权拒收货物、撤销合同并提出损害赔偿。 在SimTrade 中,商品的详细资料请在淘金网’产品展示”里查找,此栏目填写必须与淘金网的商品详细资料里商品英 文名称及英文描述完全一致。 例1 :产品01005 的商品描述: CANNED SWEET CORN 3060Gx6TINS/CTN 例2:产品04001 的商品描述:WOODEN TEA SERVICE

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金花扭歪了一张脸,咚咚咚大步离去,叫来了帮手把稻谷搬走。她的尖声也在篱笆那边隐隐传来:“……以为没有她一块坪,我就只能糠拌饭么?神经病,脑膜炎,一大早踩了猪粪吧?” 帮手中的一位私下问玉梅,到底发生了什么事。原来,这天早上天气不错,玉梅打算帮那妖婆子搬谷入坪摊晒,一心做点好事。却发现谷堆上画有一些弯弯曲曲的沟痕,顿时就气炸了肺:呸,什么意思呵?留暗号不就是防贼么?留在她家屋里不就是防她么?怕她认出来,居然不写汉字,还写成了英文,就是电视上那种洋字码! 冤仇就这样结下了。金花事后不承认什么暗号,声称对方血口喷人,居然诬她写洋字码!天地良心,她要是写得了洋文,还会嫁进这个倒霉的八溪峒,还会嫁给一个烂瓦匠,还会黑汗横流地晒谷?……但因为谷堆已散,谷堆上到底有没有英文暗号,真相已没法澄清了。 一些妇人曾经想从中调解,但最后都只能摇头作罢。 据玉梅说,那贼婆子曾经送给她一条花裤,说她个子矮一点,穿着正合身。她当时还满心欢喜,现在算是想明白了:那哪是安什么好心,不就是嘲笑她的个头矮,要当众揭她的疮疤么? 玉梅还说,那贼婆子曾经约她进城去看戏,抢先掏钱给她买了车票和戏票。她当时还心怀感激,现在也算是想明白了:那哪是什么看戏?不就是要显摆娘家有人发了财并且让她沾光,要当众给她的难堪吗? 往事历历在目,件件滴血,桩桩迸泪,眼下都被玉梅想得恍然大悟。两家非但断了往来,连鸡鸭也不再互访。 …… 数日以后,住在山坳里的公公找来了,什么话也不说,要玉

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国际贸易合同协议书样本中英文对照 文件编号TT-00-PPS-GGB-USP-UYY-0089

CONTRACT NO.: DATE: THE BUYERS: ADDRESS : TEL: FAX: THE SELLERS: ADDRESS: TEL: FAX: This Contract is made by and between the Buyers and the Sellers, whereby the Buyers agree to buy and the Sellers agree to sell the under mentioned commodity according to the terms and conditions stipulated below: 买方与卖方就以下条款达成协议: 1. COMMODITY: 2. COUNTRY AND MANUFACTURERS: 原产国及造商: 3. PACKING: To be packed in standard airway packing. The Sellers shall be liable for any damage of the commodity and expenses incurred on account of improper packing and for any rust attributable to inadequate or improper protective measures taken by the sellers in regard to the

英文合同格式

XIAOLING TRADE CO.,LTD NO.11 ZHONGSHAN STREET XIAMEN FUJIAN CHINA SALES CONFIRMATION Dear Sirs, [打印预览][保存][退出]

销货合同(Sales Confirmation) 国际货物买卖合同一般金额大,内容繁杂,有效期长,因此许多国家的法律要求采用书面形式。书面合同主要有两种形式,即正式合同(CONTRACT)和合同确认书(CONFIRMATION),虽然其繁简不同,但具有同等法律效力,对买卖双方均有约束力。大宗商品或成交额较大的交易,多采用正式合同;而金额不大,批数较多的小土特产品或轻工产品,或者已订立代理、包销等长期协议的交易多采用合同确认书(亦称简式合同)。 无论采哪种形式,合同抬头应醒目注明SALES CONTRACT或SALES CONFIRMATION(对销售合同或确认书而言)等字样。一般来说出口合同的格式都是由我方(出口公司)事先印制好的,因此有时在SALES CONFIRMATION之前加上出口公司名称或是公司的标志等(我外贸公司进口时也习惯由我方印制进口合同)。交易成立后,寄交买方签署(countersign),作为交易成立的书面凭据。 在SimTrade中,买卖双方都可以起草合同,填写时只需将名称、地址等内容作相应变化既可。如合同由买方起草时,上方空白栏则填入进口商公司名称及地址,以此类推。 报表上方两行空白栏 为出口商公司抬头,须分别填写出口商的英文名称及地址。 如:GRAND WESTERN FOODS CORP. Room2501, Jiafa Mansion, Beijing West road, Nanjing 210005, P. R. China Messrs 详细填列交易对象(即进口商)的名称及地址。 在SimTrade中,进口商的详细资料请在“淘金网”的公司库里查询。 如:Dynasty Furniture Manufacturing Ltd. 3344-54th Avenue S. E. Calgary, Alberta T2C OAS Canada No. 销货合同编号,由卖方自行编设,以便存储归档管理之用。 在SimTrade中,该编号已由卖方在起草合同时填入,单据中不能再更改。 Date 填写销货合同制作日期。 如:2005年2月18日,可以有以下几种日期格式填法: 1. 2005-02-18或02-18-2005 2. 2005/02/18或02/18/2005 3. 050218(信用证电文上的日期格式) 4. February 18, 2005或Feb 18, 2005 Product No. 填写货号,销货合同上应记明各种货物编号,以求联系沟通方便。 在SimTrade中,货号必须选择“淘金网”的“产品展示”里已有的商品编号。 Description

英语小说阅读技巧

Plot: Exposition raising action climax falling action resolution Conflict: is a struggle between two opposing forces or characters in a story. Conflict can be external or internal and it often takes one of these forms: a person against another person A person against society A person against nature Two elements struggling for mastery within a person Exposition:is the beginning part of a story in which important background information is given. Surprise ending: means an unexpected twist at the end of a story that is not predicted by the reader beforehand and it depends on an unexpected resolution of the main conflict. Point of view: refers to the standpoint from which a story is told, or the angle from which a fictional work is narrated, or the perspective from which a story is presented to the reader. Third-person point of view: (1)、third-person omniscient(all-knowing) (2)、third-person limited (3)、third person objective Innocent narrator(na?ve narrator) does not comprehend all the complexes and complications of the outer world or fails to understand all

国际买卖合同范本(中英文对照版)

国际买卖合同范本(中英文对照版) 买方The Buyer: 地址Address Tel:Fax: 卖方The Seller: 地址:Address Tel:Fax: 本合同由买卖双方订立,根据本合同规定的条款,买方同意购买,卖方同意出售下述商品:This Contract is made by and between the Buyers and Sellers, whereby the Buyers agree to buy and the Sellers agree to sell the under-mentioned commodity according to the terms and conditions stipulated below: (1)货名及规格Commodity & Specification (2)数量Qty. (3)单价Unit Price (4)总价Total Amount (5)原产公司:COUNTRY OF ORIGIN : (6)装运期限:TIME OF SHIPMENT: (7)装运口岸:PORT OF SHIPMENT: (8)到货目的地:DESTINATION: (9)保险:INSURANCE: 由卖方按合同金额110%投保一切险和战争险 All Risks and War Risk for 110% contract value to be covered by the Seller. (10)运输方式:TERM OF SHIPMENT:空运By air (11)包装:PACKING: 须用坚固的新木箱包装,适合长途空运/陆运,防湿、防潮、防震、防锈、耐粗暴搬运。由于包装不良所发生的损失,由于采用不充分或不妥善的防护措施而造成的任何锈损、破损,卖方应负担由此而产生的一切费用和损失。包装箱内应包含一整套服务操作手册。卖方使用的木质包装应经薰蒸处理,并在木质包装表面标上清晰的IPPC标识。 To be packed in new strong wooden case(s) suitable for long distance air/land transportation and well protected from dampness, moisture, shock, rust and rough handling. The Sellers shall be liable for any damage to the goods on account of improper packing and for any rust damage and break damage attributable to inadequate or improper protective measures taken by the Sellers, and in such case or cases any and all losses and / or expenses incurred in consequence thereof shall be borne by the Sellers. One full set of service and operation manuals concerned shall be enclosed in the case(s). The wood packaging the Seller used shall be fumigated and marked with “IPPC”on the surface of wood packaging. (12)唛头:SHIPPING MARK: 卖方应在每件包装上,用不褪色油墨清楚地标刷件号、尺码、毛重、净重、“此端向上”、“小心轻放”、“切勿受潮”等字样,并刷有下列唛头:

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