2) Missing or crooked teeth may cause speech defects, and unpleasant facial expressions may result.
缺齿或畸形齿影响发音和面容。
3）复合句的合译（Complex Sentence Combination）
大约有四分之一的美国青年人没有阅读能力， 这简直令人难以置信。
C. 名词 (nouns)
1) At present people have a tendency to choose the safety of the middle-ground reply.
现在，人们都倾向于采取不偏不倚的态 度来回答问题，因为它安全，不招风险。
seat from that which he usually occupied
when he chose to attend divine worship. 他往常做礼拜的时候，总坐在固定的座位
上，可是那天他们发现他不坐在老位置了。
divine worship: 神的崇拜；神圣的礼拜仪式 4）The sun is a mass of condensed gases or
他们在朋友家里感到自在，进出时心里踏 实，无所顾虑。
B. 名词短语 (noun phrases)
1）The military is forbidden to kill the vessel, a relatively easy task.
军方被禁止击毁这艘潜艇，虽然要击毁它并不怎么费 事。
2）And a growing minority of western intellectuals agreed.
C. 介词短语 (prepositional phrases)
1）He took a house on a lease of ten years.
他租了一栋房子，租期为十年。 2）In the doorway lay at least
twelve umbrella of all sizes and colors.
门口放着一堆雨伞，少说也有十二 把，五颜六色，大小不一。
3. 把句子拆开 (Sentence Division) A. 简单句分译 (simple sentences) 1）Daybreak comes with thick mist and
drizzle. 黎明时分，大雾弥漫，细雨蒙蒙。
2) His father had a small business in the city of Homestead (姆斯代德城). This city is in the south of Florida near the sea.
他父亲在佛罗里达南部沿海姆斯代德城做小 生意。
B. 把两个或两个以上的简单句翻译成一个 复合句 (complex sentence)。
2) We recognize that China's long-term modernization program understandably and necessarily emphasizes economic growth.
我们认识到，中国的长期现代化计划以发展经济为重 点，这是可以理解的，也是必要的。
B. 形容词 (adjectives)：
1）That region was the most clearly identifiable trouble spot.
那地区是个麻烦的地方，这是大家最容易看 得出来的。
2) The number of the young people in the United States who cannot read is incredible--about one in four.
1）Elizabeth was determined to make no effort for conversation with a woman, who was now more than usually insolent and disagreeable.
伊丽莎白不肯再和这样一个女人说话，这个女人现 在异常无礼，非常令人反感。
我们对中国领导人和中国人民的赞扬不仅仅 是出于礼貌。
2) The river is so wide that one can not see the opposite bank.
这条河宽得一眼望不到对岸。
Exercise 1
Translate the following sentences by using Division.
In 1921 his mother’s death was closely followed by that of his three-year-old daughter。
1921年，他的母亲去世，紧接着他三岁 的女儿也死去。
B. 复合句分译 (complex sentences)
英语复合句常常在分句连接处加以切分，译成两个 或两个以上的句子。
Unit 9
分译法(Division) 合译法(Combination)
试比较下列句子的两种译法： 1. Matter has certain features or
properties that enable us to recognize it easily. 物质具有一定的能使我们容易识别它们的特征。 物质具有一定的特征，我们可以根据这些特征来 识别它们。
约翰被另一艘船救起，因为他遇难的那艘 船的船长发出了救援信号。
2）并列句的合译 (compound sentences) A. 把一个并列句合译成一个简单句。
1) In 1844 Engels met Marx, and they became friends.
1844年恩格斯与马克思相遇并成为了好 朋友。
2. Immediately, the bandit opened fire, killing four workers and injuring the fifth who later died of his wounds.
刹那间那匪徒开火了，打死了四名工人，打伤了 后来死于枪伤的第五个人。
刹那间那匪徒开火了，打死了四名工人，打伤了 另一名。这名工人后来也因伤势过重而死去。
3. She went back home to take care of her husband. He was seriously ill.
她回家去照料她的丈夫。他正患重 病。
她回家去照料病重的丈夫。
They sat down in the waiting-room to do some reading. People came to and from there.
2）They tried to stamp out the revolt, which spread more furiously throughout the country.
他们企图扑灭反抗，结果反抗越来越猛，遍及全国。
3）They remarked now he took a different
1) The young man was very miserable. He had no money about him. All his savings had been stolen.
这个年轻人真惨，已落到身无分文的地步， 因为他的全部积蓄都被偷了。
2）John had been picked u by another ship. The ship’s captain had sent out a message.
分译法
1. 单词分译（Word Division） 把原文中的一个单词翻译成句子，使原文的一个句子
分成两个或两个以上的句子。
A. 副词（adverbs） 1）Illogically, she had expected some kind of miracle
solution.
她满以为会有某种奇迹般的解决办法，这显然不合 情理。
合译法：
1．词的合译 (Words Combination) 1) You will supply financial power, and we’ll
supply man power. Isn’t that fair and square? 你们出钱，我们出人，这难道还不公平吗？ 2) His father is a man who forgives and forgets. 他的父亲非常宽容。 3) Her son was wise and clever, but her
liquid, the temperature of which is about 10,000℃ on the surface. 太阳是由气体或液体凝聚而成的团块，其 表面温度约为10,000℃。
定语从句比较长，译成汉语定语时显得 罗嗦，或定语从句结构并不长，但译成 汉语定语后不合逻辑或不符合汉语表达 习惯，就把定语从句拆译成汉语的并列 的独立句。这时可重复先行词，或用代 词“这、那、其”作为独立的主语，当 从句中的which和as代表整个主句时， 一般都译成并列句，主语用上述的代词。 有时从句具有一定的状语意义，翻译时 应把状语意义表达出来。
越来越多的西方知识分子当时接受这种看法， 虽然从数量上来说他们仍是少数。
3）He has long been held in cordial contempt by his colleagues; now that contempt was no longer cordial.
长期以来，他的同僚们虽然看不起他，却还是 对他有些亲切感；现在，除了看不起之外，亲 切感已没有了。
他们在候车室坐下来看点书。候车室里 人来人往。
他们在人来人往的候车室里坐下来看点 书。