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英文合同阅读与分析技巧

中英文对照版合同翻译样本

1.Sales Agreement The agreement, (is) made in Beijing this eighth day of August 1993 by ABC Trading Co., Ltd., a Chinese Corporation having its registered office at Beijing, the People’ Repubic of China (hereinafter called “Seller”) and International Tradi ng Co., Ltd., a New York Corporation having its registered office at New York, N.Y., U.S.A. (hereinafter called “Buyer”). 2.WITNESSETH WHEREAS, Seller is engaged in dealing of (product) and desires to sell (product)to Buyer, and WHEREAS, Buyer desires to purchase(product) from Sellers, Now, THEREFORE, it is agreed as follows: 3.Export Contract This Contract is entered into this 5th day of August 1993 between ABC and Trading Co., Ltd. (hereinafter called “Seller”) who agrees to sell, and XYZ Trading Co., Ltd. (hereinafter called “Buyer”) who agrees to buy the following goods on the following terms and condition. 4.Non-Governmental Trading Agreement No. __This Agreement was made on the_day of_19_, BETWEEN _ (hereinafter referred to as the Seller) as the one Side and _ (hereinafter referred to as the Buyer) as the one other Side. WHEREAS, the Seller has agreed to sell and the buyer has agreed to buy _ (hereinafter referred to as the Goods ) the quantity, specification, and price of which are provided in Schedule A. IT IS HEREBY AGREED AS FOLLOWS: 5.Contract For Joint-Operation Enterprise __ COMPANY LTD., a company duly organized under the Law of __ and having its registered office at (hereinafter called “Party A”) AND __ COMPANY LTD., a company duly organized under the Law of __ and having its registere d office at (hereinafter called “Party B”) Party A and Party B (hereinafter referred to as the “Parties”) agree to jointly form a Co-operation Venture Company (hereinafter referred to as the “CVC”) in accordance with “the Laws of the People’s Republic of C hina on Joint Ventures Using Chinese and Foreign Investment” and the “Regulations for the Implementation of the Laws of the People’s Republic of China on Joint Ventures Using Chinese and Foreign Investment” and other applicable laws and regulations. 6.MODEL CONTRACT Contract No. Date: Seller: Signed at: Address: Cable Address: Buyer: Address: Cable Address: The Seller and the Buyer have agreed to conclude the following transactions according to the terms and conditions stipulated below: http://biz.doczj.com/doc/a78821929.html, of Commodity: 2.Specifications: 3.Quantity: 4.Unit Price: 5.Total Price: U.S.$: 6.Packing: 7.Time of Shipment: days after receipt of L/C. 8.Loading Port & Destination Port: From via to . 9.Insurance:

英语合同的特点和翻译

英语合同的特点与翻译 一.用词特点与翻译要点 合同英语的用词极其考究,具有特定性1.要求选词专业化(professional), 正式(formal). 准确(accurate). 具体体现在下列方面: 1.may, shall, must, may not (或shall not) 的使用 may旨在约定当事人的权利(可以做什么),shall约定当事人的义务(应当做什么时候),must 用于强制性义务(必须做什么),may not(或shall not)用于禁止性义务(不得做什么)。May not do 在美国一些法律文件可以用shall not, 但绝不能用can not do 或must not,但may do 不能。 2.用语正式(formal) 合同英语有着严肃的风格,如“因为”的短语多用“by virtue of”, 远远多于”due to”一般不用“because of”; ”财务年度末“一般用”at the close of the fiscal year”, 而不用” in the end of the fiscal year”; “在……之前”一般用“prior to”, 而不用”before”; “关于“常用”as regards”, “concerning?或”relating to”, 而不会用”about”; “事实上”用”in effect”, 而不用”in fact”: “开始“用”commencement”, 而不用”start”或”begin”; “停止做”用”cease to do”, 而不用”stop to do”; 何时开会并由某某主持“的表述为:The meeting shall be convened and presided by sb. 其中”召开“不用”hold 或call”, 而用”convene”; “主持?不用”chair”或” be in charge of “而用” preside”; “其他事项”用”miscellaneous”, 而不用” other matters/events”; “理解合同“用”construe a contract”或”comprehend a contract”或”comprehend a contract”, 而不用”understand a contract”; “认为”用“deem”, 用”consider”少,不用”think”或”believe”. 3,用词专业(technical) 合同用词不以大众是否理解和接受为转移,它是合同语言准确表达的保障。如合同出现的”瑕疵”,”救济“,“不可抗力”,“管辖”,“毁损”,“失业”等就可能让非行业人士费解,在英语以上表达分别为defect ,remedy,force马绝热,jurisdiction,damage and/or loss。另外几乎每个合同都少不了hereinafter referred to as, whereas, in witness whereof, for and on behalf of, hereby, 用”compensation”; “不动产转让“用”conveyance”, 而不用”transfer of real estate”; “房屋出租”用”tendency”, 而“财产出租”用”lease of property”; “停止”用”wind up a business”或”cease (名词是cessation)a business”, 而不用”end/stop a business”; “依照合同相关规定“或一般说”pursuant to provisions contained herein”或”as provided herein”等,不说?according to relevant terms and conditions in the contract”。 4,同义词,近义词,相关词的并列使用 英文合同出于严谨和杜绝漏洞的考虑,“made and entered into”, “by and between”, “for and in consideration of”, “covenants and agreements”, “on the terms and subject to the conditions”“terms and conditions””release and discharge” 5, 古英语与外来词的应用(borrowing words) 使用古英语最为突出的是较多使用here, there, where 加后缀in, by after, from等介词构成的词。在法律文件中用这些词,可以避免重复,避免歧义,使行文准确,简洁。常用例词如下:hereafter, hereby, herein, hereof, hereto, hereunder, hereupon, herewith, hereinbefore, hereinafter, thereafter, thereby, therein, thereinafter, thereinbefore, thereon, thereof, thereunder, thereupon, therewith, whereas, whereby, wherein, whereof, whereon, etc. 合同中也会使用一些外来词汇,常用的有拉丁语和法语词汇。如比例税率:用pro rate tax rate 要比proportional tax rate 多;从事慈善性服务的律师:pro bono lawyer, 不经常用lawyer engaged in charitable legal assistance, 委托代理人多用agent ad litem 二,句法特点与翻译要点

标准租赁合同(中英文)Rental_agreement分析解析

Kingdom of Cambodia Nation, Religion, King Lease Agreement This Lease Agreement is hereby entered into between Party A (Landlord / Co-Owner) and Party B (Tenant), who shall collectively be known herein as the Parties. Landlord / Co-Owner Name: Herein after referred as to Party A Head Tenant Name: China National Aero-technology international Engineering Corporation which represented by Mr. XIE FUKANG, Sex: Male, Passport No: G3******* Herein after referred as to Party B Whereas: A. Party A is the Officer Owner of Building No.777, St. Kampucheakrom (128), Sangkat Toek Laok 1, Khan Toulkort, Phnom Penh, Cambodia and agrees to Lease to Party B the Building floor 2th. B. The Term of the lease shall be 1 year and shall commence on 2-June-16 and terminate on 1-June-17 C. Party A and Party B agree to lease the 2ed floor Unit within the Building for office purposes only. This Lease Agreement between Party A and Party B Co vers the Following Articles: Article 1: Definitions: In this Agreement:

英语阅读理解解题技巧(超强)

教你“五个绝招”破解英语阅读理解 阅读是增长知识获取信息的主要途径,阅读能力是英语教学的重点。近年来,注重对初中生阅读理解能力的考核已成为中考的一大趋势。阅读理解能力影响并制约听、说、读、写能力的形成和发展,中学英语教学大纲也把培养阅读能力作为一个主要的教学目标。要做好阅读理解,应从以下几方面入手。 分门别类识别文体 随着信息时代的到来,阅读内容更趋于信息化、时代化,突破了单一的故事、寓言等题材,内容涉及新闻、广告、科普、医疗、教育等,文章的体裁也从记叙扩大到产品说明、逻辑推理及实际应用等文体。不同的文体阅读的要求与方法不尽相同。 记叙文阅读主要抓四大要素,即时间、地点、人物和事件的起因、发展和结果,以及人物之间的关系、表现,从中分析他们思想品质、性格特征等;议论文是阐明作者对人或事的好坏的立场观点,因此在阅读时必须正确把握文章的论点和论据,理清论证思路,再进行逻辑推理得出结论;应用文是最贴近日常生活的文体,它包括通知、广告、便条、申请书、个人简历,形式多样,题材各异,如图示、表格、地址、网址等,对这类文体的阅读应简明扼要地抓住所需信息,理解文章内容。 统览全篇摘录要点 阅读理解是对整个文章的目的、意图、观点、立场、态度以及内在的逻辑关系的理解,而不是断章取义的一孔之见,所以统览全篇和问题是很有必要的,这些问题会给你提供信息或暗示文章中的一些重要细节。 如2002年本市中考试卷C篇阅读并回答问题中,通过对全篇的布局谋篇以及问题的设置看到的不是片言只语,而从中感悟到人文思想的体现,人类和自然界生态相辅相成的关系,从而得出第6小题:From the passage,we learn that___.答案为B: The rainforest people have done some- thing to protect their home. 在统览全篇的同时要注意要点的摘录,因为一些显性的答案是可以从要点中直接回答,而隐性的答案则是要通过对全篇的理解才能得出。统览全篇,摘录要点亦有利于检查时节省时间。 开动脑筋推测词意 初中英语学科教学基本要求规定,学生能根据上下文推测词义,并能不借助词典读懂含有3%生词的语言材料,换言之,这就是促使学生的知识内化的过程,学生要通过知识内化将内隐的心理活动转换为外显的行为,可以借助以下的几种方法完成内化过程: 根据上下文猜测词意 如闸北区2003年中考模拟题,阅读B篇中p assed away,根据上文的An illness had kept the boy home和下文写给Rick的信中可以猜测出意为“去世”。 根据构词法猜测词意

【实用】英文技术服务合同范本

英文技术服务合同范本 Contract No.:________________________. Date of Signature:____________________. Place of Signature:____________________. This Contract is made and entered into through friendly negotiation by and between China____________________ (hereinafter referred to as “Client”), as one party, and____________________ (hereinafter referred to as“Consultant”),as the other party, concerning the technical consultancy service of__________, under the following terms and conditions: Article 1 Contents of Technical Consultancy Service 1.1 Whereas Client desires to obtain the technical consultancy service of from Consultant and Consultant has agreed to perform such services. 1.2 The Scope of Technical Services is defined in Appendix 1. 1.3 The Time Schedule for the Services is shown in Appendix 2. 1.4 The Manning Schedule is described in Appendix 3. 1.5 Consultant shall complete the Services within__________months from the Effective Date of this Contract and furnish the final technical service report, including drawings, designing documents, all kinds of standards and photos, within____months. Consultant shall keep aware, free of charge, Client of the latest development of similar projects and any progress made in order to improve the designing of the project.

中英文对照版合同翻译样本

1.Sales Agreement The agreement, (is) made in Beijing this eighth day of August 1993 by ABC Trading Co., Ltd., a Chinese Corporation having its registered office at Beijing, the People’ Repubic of China (hereinafter called “Seller”) and International Trading Co., Ltd., a New York Corporation having its registered office at New York, N.Y., U.S.A. (hereinafter called “Buyer”). 2.WITNESSETH WHEREAS, Seller is engaged in dealing of (product) and desires to sell (product)to Buyer, and WHEREAS, Buyer desires to purchase(product) from Sellers, Now, THEREFORE, it is agreed as follows: 3.Export Contract th This Contract is entered into this 5 day of August 1993 between ABC and Trading Co., Ltd. (hereinafter called “Seller”) who agrees to sell, and XYZ Trading Co., Ltd. (hereinafter called “Buyer”) who agrees to buy the following goods on the following terms and condition. 4.Non-Governmental Trading Agreement No. __ This Agreement was made on the_day of_ 19_, BETWEEN _(hereinafter referred to as the Seller) as the one Side and _ (hereinafter referred to as the Buyer) as the one other Side. WHEREAS, the

英文合同的特点

第一节英文合同的特点 英美律师起草的合同无不深深地刻着英美法系私法原理的烙印,即高度私法自治和遵循先例。所表现出来的突出特点就是大多数英文合同篇幅长、惯用冗长句子和法言法语,但逻辑严密并且规律性很强。 一个大项目的英文合同往往都是鸿篇巨制,篇幅达几百页。英美国家实行判例法,大陆法系实行成文法,成文法相对于判例法的重要区别就是比较稳定,而且合同很多内容法律都有直接规定,双方对于法律已经有规定的部分就无须在合同中作进一步的约定。但英美国家推行判例法,推行高度私法自治,成文法大多仅作为参考,不具有强制适用的性质,因此,合同方在订立合同的过程中享有高度订约自由,合同各方可以就任何问题按照自己的意愿作出自己认为合适的约定。订约自由是一项至高的原则,合同条文、文字所直接反映出来的当事人的意愿,法官不得轻易否决,必须予以最大限度的尊重。由于合同文字是法官解释合同文件、探悉合同当事人意愿的唯一依据,故合同各方都力求使合同结构完整、语义严密明确。为使语义严密明确,他们在合同中进行大量的定义,大量使用限定词、定语从句、状语从句,避免使用省略句,也尽量不使用有可能引起指代不明的代词。因此,对于同一个项目合同,按照英美法草拟的合同篇幅常常比按照大陆法草拟的合同篇幅长很多。 英文合同的另一个重要特点就是其句子冗长。首先,一个长句的逻辑性往往比由几个简单句组成的一个段落的逻辑性更强,说理更为严密,从而最大限度地减小产生歧义的可能性。因此,英美律师在草

拟合同的过程中比较青睐长句,而较少使用简单句。其次,如前所述,英美国家实行判例法。先例相较于大陆法系的成文法,其稳定性程度有所不如。由于各个法官的智识水平有别,先例本身之间就可能存在某些冲突,因此,合同当事人通常会在合同中想尽办法对这些已经有争议的先例进行规避,这就必须在合同中就某些可能产生争议的事项进行明确的表述,如常把一连串意义相关或相近的词放在一起以求全面而无疏漏。因而整个合同的句子显得冗长,但也因此获得整个合同的严谨,不易产生争议。 “法言法语”在英文合同中也体现得比较充分。这些所谓的“法言法语”主要指一些中古英语和外来词汇,比如我们常见的 herein,hereof,whereby,inter alia等。这与英国语言发展历史以及英美推行判例法密切相关。西方文明在很大程度上可以说是法律的发展。希腊和罗马的法律精神通过日耳曼入侵,给英国造成的影响是不可估量的。英国在历史上曾经把语言作为阶级划分和阶级统治的重要手段。法语被视为西欧上层社会的语言,而拉丁文则常常是个人深造的首要选择。再加上法律界人士为了使法律这门职业具有独立性,突出本行业的优越性,也多采用一些特殊的语言,法律界人士普遍认为这些中古英语和外来词的使用可以使法律语言更加高贵、庄重。因此,法律英语词汇在词源上大量收录采用了拉丁语、法语、德语和西班牙语中的法律词汇,如null and void(无效)、ad hoc(特别,临时)、lex situs(物所在地法)、vice versa(反之亦然)、 prima facie (表面的,初步的)和inter alia(除了别的之外,其中包括)。为

国际商务合同中英文对照

1 Whereas Whereas: considering that 鉴于,就……而论(法律用语) 例1 Whereas the first Party is willing to employ the second Party and the second Party agrees to act as the first Party’s Engineer in Bamako, it is hereby mutually agreed as follows: 鉴于甲方愿意聘请乙方,乙方同意应聘为甲方在巴马科(工程)的工程师,合同双方特此达成协议如下 例2 Whereas Party B and Party A have entered into this Contract to install Party A’s air-conditioning equipment, the Parties hereto do hereby agree as follows: Chinese version for reference: 鉴于乙方与甲方订立本合同,安装甲方的空气调节设备,双方同意如下: 2 In Witness Whereof [❤1] Whereby:In Witness Whereof:作为所协议事项的证据,这个短语常常在合同结尾条款中使用,可译为“特此立(证)裾”,“以此立(证)据”等; In Testimony Whereof:以此为证,特立此证; Whereby: by the agreement; by the following terms and conditions, etc.凭此协议,凭此条款等。 例1 In Witness Whereof the Parties hereto have caused this Agreement to be executed on the day and year first before written[❤2] in accordance with their respective laws. 本协议书由双方根据各自的法律签订,于上面所签订的日期开始执行,特立此据。例2 In Testimony Whereof, we have hereto signed this document on _______(day/month/year). 我方于___年____月____日签署本文,特此证明。 例3 A sales contract refers to a contract whereby the seller transfers the ownership of an object to the buyer and the buyer pays the price for the object. 买卖合同是出卖人转让标的物的所有权于买受人,买受人支付价款的合同。 3 Know All Men by These Presents;[❤3] Undersigned; Now Therefore Undersigned:[❤4] Now Therefore:[❤5] 特此,因此等。这个短语一般接whereas 之后,引出具体协议事项的常用开头词,并与其后的hereby 连用,译“兹”,“特此”。 例1 Know All Men by these presents that we_(bank’s name)__ having our registered office [❤6] at ______ (hereinafter called “the Bank”) will be bound unto[❤7] _(the Owner’s name)_ (hereinafter called “the Owner”) in sum of ______ for payment well and truly[❤8] to be made to the said Owner, the

英语阅读技巧

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翻译合同样本(完整版)

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