例3：到徐州见着父亲，看见满院狼



一看到那棵大树，我便想起了快乐 的童年。 我近来忙于其他事物，未能早些复 信，深感抱歉。 恕我孤陋寡闻，对此关系一无所知。



The sight of the big tree always reminds me of my childhood. I am very sorry that the pressure of other occupations has prevented me from sending an earlier reply to your letter. My total ignorance of the connection must plead your apology.

Formal written language often goes with an impersonal style; for example, one in which the speaker does not refer directly to himself or his readers, but avoids the pronouns I, you, we. Some of the common features of impersonal language are passives, sentences beginning with introductory it, and abstract nouns.

近来本馆的图书大量减少，数目惊 人，我们对此表示极为关切。现请 学生们切勿忘记借还规则，并考虑 其他同学的需要。今后凡借书逾期 不还者，必将严格按章处罚。
一、英语：非人称主语 汉语：appened to you? An idea suddenly struck me. A strange peace come over when she was alone. Not a sound reached our ears. Alarm began to take possession of him.

星期五,中国乒乓球队一大早就 来到安亚伯附近,去参观拥有 2200学生的密执安大学现代化 校园,他们和学生在自助餐厅共 进午餐,然后举行了一场表演赛.
汉语思维习惯：很少使用无灵主语， 只有在拟人修辞时使用无灵主语。


北京目睹过许多伟大的历史事件。 星光很早以前就踏上了旅程。 Beijing has witnessed many historical events. The light from the stars started on its journey long long ago.

籍的东西，又想起祖母，不禁簌簌地 流下眼泪。 原译：When I met father in Xuzhou, I can not help shedding tears when I saw the disorderly mess in the courtyard and thought of grandma. 改译：When I met father in Xuzhou, the sight of the disorderly mess in his courtyard and the thought of grandma started tears trickling down my cheeks.

Friday started with a morning visit to the modern campus of the 22,000student University of Michigan in nearby Ann Arbor, where the Chinese table tennis team joined students in the cafeteria line for lunch and later played an exhibition match.



Impersonal----not showing any feelings of sympathy, friendliness. An impersonal sentence or verb is one where the subject or object is represented by a word such as “it. It was surprising that I met her that time. The year of 1949 witnessed this accident.



例2：那天晚上，我和她一起去看了场电 影。黑暗中不经意地拉了一次手，结果幸 福了整整一个夏天。 学译：We went to see a film that night. In the darkness, she casually took my hand, and this sweet happiness lingered for the hole summer. 改译: We went to see a film that night. In the darkness, an incidental touch of hands filled me with joy all that summer.
英语非人称主语常用动词：

See, find, bring, give, escape, surround, deprive, seize, send, know, tell, permit, take 等
汉英翻译

用物称代替人称是一种有效的翻译 方法；可以使英语译文地道、流畅。



例1：当前，车辆横冲直闯，严重地威 胁着城市生活，路上行人无不提心吊胆。 S1： Nowadays, cars dash around like mad on the road, it imperils the city life, and pedestrians are in constant fear. S2：Nowadays, the clashing and rushing car seriously menaces the citizens' life. No one can across the road without fear.
在汉英翻译中，用it做主语英文更 地道。



我从来没有想到她这么不老实。 我们认为，他今天上午发言的内容 和口气都无助于在中东建立持久和 平。 人总是在面临考验的关头，才发现 自己的专长。



It never occurred to me that she was so dishonest. It is not our view that the substance or the tone of his remarks this morning will contribute to creating a lasting peace in the Middle east. It is in the hour of trial that a man find his true profession.




C-E 一踏上中华人民共和国的土地， 我 们就感到随时随地受到关怀与照顾。 我兴奋的什么话也说不出来。 我走在厚厚的地毯上，一点脚步声 也没有。



From the moment we stepped onto the soil of the People’s Republic of China, care and kindness surrounded us on every side. Excitement deprived me of all power of utterance. The thick carpet killed the sound of my footsteps.
Chapter 2
物称与人称
Impersonal Vs. Personal
英语

重物称表达法：即不用人称来叙述， 而以客观的语气表达出来，有人说： the writer and the reader are out of the picture, hiding themselves behind impersonal language.

It has been noted with concern that the stock of books in the library has been declining alarmingly. Students are asked to remind themselves of the rules for the borrowing and return of books, and to bear in mind the needs of other students. Penalties for overdue books will in the future be strictly enforced.
在汉英翻译中，多使用被动句英文更地 道。



看树看果实，看人看作为。 必须调整高等院校的专业设置，改 进教学方法。 当两个物体在一起摩擦时，电子便 从一个物体转移到另一个物体。



凭良心讲，你待我礼貌有加，我却受之 有愧。 五四运动以后，开始了“新红学时代”， 代表人物有胡适、俞平伯等一些学者。 小梅心地善良，性情温和，对他朋友这 种没有心肝的行为，实在看不顺眼。



My conscience told me that I deserved no extraordinary politeness. The May Fourth Movement of 1919 saw the beginning of the New Redology, represented by such scholars as Hu Shi and Yu Pingbai. Xiaomei’s kindly and gentle nature could not but revolt at her friend’s callous behavior.