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翻译第一讲+词法翻译


a black sheep 害群之马 a white lie 善意的谎言 a baby kisser 政客 fish in troubled water 混水摸鱼
That’s all Greek to me. 那个我一窍不通。 Japanese invaders were armed to teeth during the Second World War, but in a few years, they were completely defeated by the Chinese people. 日本侵略者在第二次世界大战时是武装到牙 齿的,可是几年之后,就被中国人民彻底击败 了
词法翻译
词汇翻译技巧
直译
在译文中将原文的词语原封不动地挪用过来, 多应用于新闻、科技翻译 音译:适用范围 1)几乎所有人名:Lily Jack Kathrine 2) 大多数地名 3)半译音半意译时,多用于商标的翻译 Oreo ;Snicker ;Extra
意译
意译是处理文化差异的灵活变通的翻译方法, 在直译方法行不通的时候所使用的一种代 替译法,其主要任务是转达原文的信息, 不得已时要打破或部分打破原文的语言外 壳,其中的隐含信息浮出水面,再以译入 语的语言形式表达出来。
How much did you suffer?” --- “Plenty,” the old man said. ---“你吃了不少苦吧?” ---“一言难尽啊!”老人说
省译
省译并不是随意删减原文中的某些内容,而 是避免内容重复,文字累赘,使译文符合 译语的表达习惯。英译汉时常常省略冠词、 人称代词和物主代词、介词、连词和动词 等。
练一练 Faulty construction was responsible for the crash of the Rainbow bridge。 低劣的施工质量造成了这座彩虹桥的倒塌。 Don’t be afraid of those who might have a better idea or who might even be smarter than you are. 不要恐惧那些想法比你高明,或者那些比你 更聪明的人
英译汉时表达时态要增加时态助词如“曾/已 经/过/了/正在/着/在/将/就/要/会” 等。除此 之外,为了强调时间概念或强调时间上的 对比,往往须加一些其他的词。
He is rich now. But he used to be as poor as we are. 他现在是富了;可以前他和我们现 在一样穷。
A horse is a useful animal. 马是有用的动物。(省略冠词) We had much snow last year. 去年下了很多雪。(省略代词)
注意
英语中“it” 用法很特殊。它除了可以用来指事物或 动物之外,还可以作形式主语和形式宾语,甚至 还可以用来引导强调结构,而汉语语言中却没有 这种用法。因此,在英译汉时,it 常省略。如:
谓语
英语句子里为了避免用词重复,使文句简洁有力, 往往省略和前面相同的谓语。 英译汉必要时可在译文里补上被省略的谓语,以 符合汉语的表达习惯。
Oil is obtained more easily than coal. 采油比采煤容易
In the evening, after the banquet, the concert and table tennis exhibition, he would work on the drafting of the final communiqué . 晚上在(参加)宴会、(出席)音乐会、(观看) 乒乓球表演之后,他还得起草最后公报。
注:英语中5个基本的感官动词可以考虑转换 成名词。 The flower smell sweet. 这些花气味芬芳。 It tastes too much of garlic. 它的蒜味很浓重。
试一试
As the war progressed, he would symbolize their frustration, the embodied of all evils. 由于战争的进行,他将成为挫败的象征,所 有邪恶的化身。
英语形容词转化为汉语动词 (adj—v) We were not aware that you had arrived. 我们不知道你们已经到了。 I think of him when I complain about trifles, when I am envious of another’s good fortune, when I don’t have a good heart. 每当我为琐事抱怨的时候,每当我嫉妒别人 好运的时候,每当我没有一颗 “善心” 的 时候,我就会想起他。
词类转换
英语名词转换为汉语动词(n—v.)
汉语中动词用的多,在英译汉时,很多词类可以转 译为动词
Rockets have found application for the exploration of the universe. 火箭已经用来探索宇宙。
A glance through his office window offers a panoramic view of the Washington Monument and the Lincoln Memorial. 从他的办公室出窗口可以一眼看到华盛顿纪 念碑和林肯纪念馆的全景。
英语形容词转化为汉语名词 ( adj.—n) People are so much more flexible and inventive than robots. 人类比机器人更灵活而且更富有创造性。 With the new techniques adopted, the factory is getting more and more efficient. 由于采用新技术,工厂的效率越来越高。
英语副词转化为汉语形容词 (adv.—adj.) The engineer had prepared meticulously for his design. 工程师为这次设计作了十分周密的准备。 Traditionally, there had always been good relations between them. 他们之间一直有着传统的友好关系。
It is a long way to the station. 到车站去很远。 It was yesterday that we held a meeting in the club. 正是昨天我们在会所里开了一次会。
The many colors of a rainbow range from red on the outside to violet on the inside. 彩虹有很多种颜色,外圈红,内圈紫。(省 略介词) Many years passed and the young man was very successful in business. 许多年过去了,年轻人在生意上非常成功。 (省略连词)
试一试
Everything was on a larger scale for him, the highs were higher, the lows lower.
他总是喜欢夸大事实,高的说得 更高,低的说得更低。
时态 英语动词有词形变化, 动词时态的表达靠 动词词形变化或加助动词来实现,而 汉语动词没有词形变化, 表示时态要靠 增加汉语特有的时态助词或一般表示 时间的词 I thought it to be merely simple, but it seems that it will take me long time to solve it. 我原本以为这个问题很简单,现在看ure gets low, the boiling point becomes low. 气压低,沸点就低。(省略动词)
University applicants who had worked would receive preference over those who had not. 报考大学的人,有工作经验者优先录取。
练一练 The sun affects tremendously both the mind and body of a man.
太阳对人的身体和精神都有极大的影响。
英语名词转化为形容词 (n– adj.) I am a stranger to the operation of the computer. 我对计算机的操作是陌生的。 As a Beijing opera actor, he is a great success. 作为一个京剧演员,他是很出色的。
英语动词转化为汉语名词 (v—n) The film impressed me deeply. 这部电影给我留下了深刻的印象。
The electronic computer is chiefly characterized by its accurate and rapid computations. 电子计算机的主要特点是计算准确而快速。
试一试
Under given conditions, the harmful can be transformed into the beneficial. 在一定条件下,坏事可以变成好事。
练一练 1. He was deeply impressed by what they did in the critical moment. 他们在关键时刻的所作所为给他留下深刻的 印象。 2. An acquaintance of world history is helpful to the study of current affairs. 了解一些世界史有助于研究时事。
You were, and remain, and will be my teacher forever。
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