第一讲名词和冠词一．考点解析1.可数名词及单复数2.不可数名词3.专有名词（一般与冠词结合考查）4.名词所有格二．考查题目1.语法填空（名词单复数，名词所有格）2.短文改错（名词单复数,名词所有格）3.完形填空（语境考查+词义辨析）4.作文三．考点归纳考点一：名词的数1．可数名词的数(1)可数名词单数变复数的规则变化(2)小练习1. I have two____________ (knife)2. There are many ___________ here. (box)3. There are many ___________ on the road. (bus)4. A few ___________ are drawing on the wall. (boy)5. The ______________ are playing football now. (child)6. I like the red ________________.(tomato)7. Would you please clean your _____________ now? (tooth)8. Do you want some _________? (milk)9. There are ten __________ _________in our school. (woman teacher)二．1.I________(have got )many new ________(friend).2.She______(have got )four ________(photo).3.They________(have got )a_______(teacher).4.It________(have got )four______(leg).5.Two birds_____(be)black.One bird_____(be)yellow.2.不可数名词的数一般来说，物质名词和抽象名词是不可数的，因此没有复数形式，一般也不能用a或an修饰。
通常只用作不可数名词的名词有：milk, homework, housework, weather, news, information, bread, advice, progress, equipment, meat, fun, luggage, furniture, wealth, word(消息), room(空间), man(人类)等。
(1)word意为“消息”, room意为“空间”, man意为“人类”时，通常不带任何修饰词。
Word came that the meeting will be held on Friday.有消息称会议将于周五召开。
(2)名词前有man或woman修饰，变复数时，作定语的man/woman和中心词都要变成复数形式。
man doctor→men doctors男医生woman teacher→women teachers女教师考点二抽象名词具体化1．表示某种特征、状态、情感的抽象概念的不可数名词，可以与不定冠词a(n)连用，表示具体的人或物。
主要有：Eg: Failure2.注意某些物质名词可个体化为可数名词，如a coffee一杯咖啡；two teas两杯茶；a paper一篇论文等。
练习1. The study of ___________( 历史) can be very interesting.2. They have removed __________( 家具 ) of this house.3. They like to eat__________ ( 鱼和牛肉) of the restaurant4. Do you like __________(运动 )?5.I’ve b ough t__________ (一个新的熨斗）。
6.I h ad ____________________(一个奇怪的经历）the other day.7.(画画）__________is my hobby.8.Your daugther is quite ______________（一个美女）9.The book contains __________(许多）useful __________(信息）。
10.There _______(有）__________（许多）old medical __________(设备）in the hospital.考点三名词的固定搭配考点四名词所有格1．表示有生命的名词的所有格[名师指津](1)若是几个人共有，或几个词作为一个单位时，在最后一个名词后加“-'s”；若表示各自的所属关系时，各名词的末尾都要加“-'s”。
如：Mary and Mike's desk, Mary's and Mike's mothers。
(2)表示“某某的家/店铺”的名词所有格，常常省略其名词。
如：at Mr White's, at the tailor's。
2．表示无生命的名词的所有格(1)通常用of所有格表示。
While e-commerce worries some merchants, it contributes to the development of delivery industry.尽管电子商务使一些商人担忧，但它促进了快递业的发展。
(2)表示时间、距离、国家、城市、机构、节日等的名词通常用-'s所有格表示。
Beijing's parks 北京的公园the factory's output 工厂的产量3．双重所有格双重所有格的构成形式为：名词＋of＋名词性物主代词/名词的所有格。
Belinda, who is a friend of my sister's, possesses a rare intelligence.贝琳达，我姐姐的一个朋友，拥有非凡的智慧。
名词所有格练习1.__________________________(李明的父母)work in a big hospital.1.This is __________________________________(我妹妹的语文书)2.__________________________________(双胞胎的卧室) are very nice.3.______________________________(王平和王明的父亲) is a hotel manager.4.Is this ___________________________________(你的好朋友的钢笔)5.They are ___________________________________(Peter 和Sam的老师).6.___________________________(教师节) is on September 10th .7.We are very happy on ____________________________________(儿童节).8.He is in _________________________________(老师的办公室) now.9.Please open ______________________________________(教室的门).10._________________________________(林红和李雷的学校) is big and new.11.________________________________(John和Sally的母亲) are American.12.It’s _____________________________(妇女节) on March 8th.总结：名词的常考点有哪些？__________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________思考：名词在句中可以做什么成分？_________________________________________________________________________________________单句语法填空1．(2016·太原模拟)The little boy ate so many______________(potato) and so much meat that he threw up at dawn. 2．(2016·山东临沂二模)The ALS makes people’s muscles become hard. It is hard for the patients to move. Stephen Hocking is one of the____________(suffer).3．As we know, New Zealand is famous for its beautiful scenery and ____________(place) of interest. 4．(2014·全国卷Ⅰ语法填空)While there are amazing stories of instant transformation, for most of us the ____________ (change) are gradual and require a lot of effort and work, like cleaning up a polluted river.5. (2015·全国卷Ⅱ语法填空)In addition to their simple beauty, what makes the adobe dwellings admirable is their____________(able) to “air condition” a house without using electric equipment.6. It’s too early to declare his efforts to be a____________(successful)．一、考点解析冠词是历年高考的必考知识点,出现在语法填空和短文改错题中.只有两类,共三个（不定冠词a,an和定冠词the).在近五年高考试题中,冠词考题很少考查某一单独考点,一般都是一题两空,涉及两个考点.历年高考试题,冠词考点主要集中在以下内容:1.考查不定冠词a/an表示个别或泛指的用法2.考查定冠词the特指某一个人或事物的用法3.考查不定冠词和定冠词在固定搭配中的用法2.考查零冠词（即省略冠词)表示泛指及其习惯搭配用法5.考查冠词在表示类别名词前的用法3.考查不定冠词在具体化抽象名词前的用法7.考查冠词在比较级前的用法8.考查冠词在其他特殊结构中的用法9．考查有无冠词而迥异短语二．考点归纳考点一冠词的基本用法1．不定冠词的基本用法(1)用在第一次提到的人或物的名词前，表泛指。